Understanding the Linux Kernel 3rd Edition by Daniel Bovet, Marco Cesati ISBN 978-0596005658 0596005652
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ISBN 10: 0596005652
ISBN 13: 978-0596005658
Author: Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati
In order to thoroughly understand what makes Linux tick and why it works so well on a wide variety of systems, you need to delve deep into the heart of the kernel. The kernel handles all interactions between the CPU and the external world, and determines which programs will share processor time, in what order. It manages limited memory so well that hundreds of processes can share the system efficiently, and expertly organizes data transfers so that the CPU isn’t kept waiting any longer than necessary for the relatively slow disks.
The third edition of Understanding the Linux Kernel takes you on a guided tour of the most significant data structures, algorithms, and programming tricks used in the kernel. Probing beyond superficial features, the authors offer valuable insights to people who want to know how things really work inside their machine. Important Intel-specific features are discussed. Relevant segments of code are dissected line by line. But the book covers more than just the functioning of the code; it explains the theoretical underpinnings of why Linux does things the way it does.
This edition of the book covers Version 2.6, which has seen significant changes to nearly every kernel subsystem, particularly in the areas of memory management and block devices. The book focuses on the following topics:
- Memory management, including file buffering, process swapping, and Direct memory Access (DMA)
- The Virtual Filesystem layer and the Second and Third Extended Filesystems
- Process creation and scheduling
- Signals, interrupts, and the essential interfaces to device drivers
- Timing
- Synchronization within the kernel
- Interprocess Communication (IPC)
- Program execution
Understanding the Linux Kernel will acquaint you with all the inner workings of Linux, but it’s more than just an academic exercise. You’ll learn what conditions bring out Linux’s best performance, and you’ll see how it meets the challenge of providing good system response during process scheduling, file access, and memory management in a wide variety of environments. This book will help you make the most of your Linux system.
Table of contents:
1. Introduction
1.1. Linux Versus Other Unix-Like Kernels
1.2. Hardware Dependency
1.3. Linux Versions
1.4. Basic Operating System Concepts
1.5. An Overview of the Unix Filesystem
1.6. An Overview of Unix Kernels
2. Memory Addressing
2.1. Memory Addresses
2.2. Segmentation in Hardware
2.3. Segmentation in Linux
2.4. Paging in Hardware
2.5. Paging in Linux
3. Processes
3.1. Processes, Lightweight Processes, and Threads
3.2. Process Descriptor
3.3. Process Switch
3.4. Creating Processes
3.5. Destroying Processes
4. Interrupts and Exceptions
4.1. The Role of Interrupt Signals
4.2. Interrupts and Exceptions
4.3. Nested Execution of Exception and Interrupt Handlers
4.4. Initializing the Interrupt Descriptor Table
4.5. Exception Handling
4.6. Interrupt Handling
4.7. Softirqs and Tasklets
4.8. Work Queues
4.9. Returning from Interrupts and Exceptions
5. Kernel Synchronization
5.1. How the Kernel Services Requests
5.2. Synchronization Primitives
5.3. Synchronizing Accesses to Kernel Data Structures
5.4. Examples of Race Condition Prevention
6. Timing Measurements
6.1. Clock and Timer Circuits
6.2. The Linux Timekeeping Architecture
6.3. Updating the Time and Date
6.4. Updating System Statistics
6.5. Software Timers and Delay Functions
6.6. System Calls Related to Timing Measurements
7. Process Scheduling
7.1. Scheduling Policy
7.2. The Scheduling Algorithm
7.3. Data Structures Used by the Scheduler
7.4. Functions Used by the Scheduler
7.5. Runqueue Balancing in Multiprocessor Systems
7.6. System Calls Related to Scheduling
8. Memory Management
8.1. Page Frame Management
8.2. Memory Area Management
8.3. Noncontiguous Memory Area Management
9. Process Address Space
9.1. The Process’s Address Space
9.2. The Memory Descriptor
9.3. Memory Regions
9.4. Page Fault Exception Handler
9.5. Creating and Deleting a Process Address Space
9.6. Managing the Heap
10. System Calls
10.1. POSIX APIs and System Calls
10.2. System Call Handler and Service Routines
10.3. Entering and Exiting a System Call
10.4. Parameter Passing
10.5. Kernel Wrapper Routines
11. Signals
11.1. The Role of Signals
11.2. Generating a Signal
11.3. Delivering a Signal
11.4. System Calls Related to Signal Handling
12. The Virtual Filesystem
12.1. The Role of the Virtual Filesystem (VFS)
12.2. VFS Data Structures
12.3. Filesystem Types
12.4. Filesystem Handling
12.5. Pathname Lookup
12.6. Implementations of VFS System Calls
12.7. File Locking
13. I/O Architecture and Device Drivers
13.1. I/O Architecture
13.2. The Device Driver Model
13.3. Device Files
13.4. Device Drivers
13.5. Character Device Drivers
14. Block Device Drivers
14.1. Block Devices Handling
14.2. The Generic Block Layer
14.3. The I/O Scheduler
14.4. Block Device Drivers
14.5. Opening a Block Device File
15. The Page Cache
15.1. The Page Cache
15.2. Storing Blocks in the Page Cache
15.3. Writing Dirty Pages to Disk
15.4. The sync(), fsync(), and fdatasync() System Calls
16. Accessing Files
16.1. Reading and Writing a File
16.2. Memory Mapping
16.3. Direct I/O Transfers
16.4. Asynchronous I/O
17. Page Frame Reclaiming
17.1. The Page Frame Reclaiming Algorithm
17.2. Reverse Mapping
17.3. Implementing the PFRA
17.4. Swapping
18. The Ext2 and Ext3 Filesystems
18.1. General Characteristics of Ext2
18.2. Ext2 Disk Data Structures
18.3. Ext2 Memory Data Structures
18.4. Creating the Ext2 Filesystem
18.5. Ext2 Methods
18.6. Managing Ext2 Disk Space
18.7. The Ext3 Filesystem
19. Process Communication
19.1. Pipes
19.2. FIFOs
19.3. System V IPC
19.4. POSIX Message Queues
20. Program ExZecution
20.1. Executable Files
20.2. Executable Formats
20.3. Execution Domains
20.4. The exec Functions
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