Understanding Behaviorism Behavior Culture and Evolution 3rd Edition by William Baum ISBN 1119143640 978-1119143642

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 1119143640 

ISBN 13: 978-1119143642

Author: William M. Baum 

Understanding Behaviorism is a classic textbook that explains the basis of behavior analysis and its application to human problems in a scholarly but accessible manner. 
Now in its third edition, the text has been substantially updated to include the latest developments over the last decade in behaviour analysis, evolutionary theory, and cultural evolution theory
The only book available that explains behavior analysis and applies it to philosophical and practical problems, written by one of today’s best-known and most highly respected behaviorists
Explores ancient concepts such as purpose, language, knowledge, and thought, as well as applying behavioural thinking to contemporary social issues like freedom, democracy, and culture
Part of the new evolutionary perspective for understanding individual behavior in general and culture in particular – culminates with practical approaches to improving the lives of all humanity

Table of contents: 

Part I: What is Behaviorism?

Behaviorism: Definition and History

Historical Background
From Philosophy to Science
Objective Psychology
Comparative Psychology
Early Behaviorism
Free Will Versus Determinism
Definitions
Arguments For and Against Free Will
Social Arguments
Aesthetic Arguments
Folk Psychology
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Behaviorism as Philosophy of Science

Realism versus Pragmatism
Realism
The Objective Universe
Discovery and Truth
Sense Data and Subjectivity
Explanation
Pragmatism
Science and Experience
Conceptual Economy
Explanation and Description
Radical Behaviorism and Pragmatism
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Public, Private, Natural, and Fictional

Mentalism
Public and Private Events
Natural Events
Natural, Mental, and Fictional
Objections to Mentalism
Autonomy: Mental Causes Obstruct Inquiry
Superfluity: Explanatory Fictions are Uneconomical
Category Mistakes
Ryle and the Para‐Mechanical Hypothesis
Rachlin’s Molar Behaviorism
Private Events
Private Behavior
Self‐Knowledge and Consciousness
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Part II: A Scientific Model of Behavior

Evolutionary Theory and Reinforcement

Evolutionary History
Natural Selection
Reflexes and Fixed Action Patterns
Reflexes
Fixed Action Patterns
Respondent Conditioning
Reinforcers and Punishers
Operant Behavior
Physiological Factors
Overview of Phylogenetic Influences
History of Reinforcement
Selection by Consequences
The Law of Effect
Shaping and Natural Selection
Historical Explanations
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Purpose and Reinforcement

History and Function
Using Historical Explanations
History Versus Immediate Cause
Gaps of Time
Functional Units
Species as Functional Units
Activities as Functional Units
Three Meanings of Purpose
Purpose as Function
Purpose as Cause
Purposive Behavior
Purposive Machines
Selection by Consequences
Creativity
Purpose as Feeling: Self‐Reports
Talking About the Future
Talking About the Past
Feelings as By‐Products
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Stimulus Control and Knowledge

Stimulus Control
Discriminative Stimuli
Extended Sequences and Discriminative Stimuli
Discrimination
Knowledge
Procedural Knowledge: Knowing How
Declarative Knowledge: Knowing About
Declarative Knowledge and Stimulus Control
What is a Lie?
Self‐Knowledge
Public Versus Private Stimuli
Introspection
The Behavior of Scientists
Observation and Discrimination
Scientific Knowledge
Pragmatism and Contextualism
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Verbal Behavior and Language

What is Verbal Behavior?
Communication
Verbal Behavior as Operant Behavior
Speaking Has Consequences
The Verbal Community
Speaker and Listener
The Verbal Episode
The Reinforcement of Verbal Behavior
The Listener’s Role
Examples
The Importance of History
Sign Language and Gestures
Nonhuman Animals
Talking to Myself
Verbal Behavior versus Language
Functional Units and Stimulus Control
Verbal Activities as Functional Units
Stimulus Control of Verbal Behavior
Common Misunderstandings
The Generative Nature of Language
Talking About Talking
Talking About the Future
Meaning
Reference Theories
Symbols and Lexicons
The Importance of Context
Meaning as Use
Consequences and Context
Varieties of Use
Dictionary Definitions
Technical Terms
Grammar and Syntax
Rules as Descriptions
Competence and Performance
Grammar and Grammarians
Where are the Rules?
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Rule‐Governed Behavior and Thinking

What is Rule‐Governed Behavior?
Rule‐Governed versus Implicitly Shaped Behavior
Rules: Orders, Instructions, and Advice
Always Two Relations
The Proximate Reinforcement Relation
The Ultimate Reinforcement Relation
Learning to Follow Rules
Shaping Rule‐Following
Where are the Rules?
Thinking and Problem‐Solving
Changing Stimuli
Precurrent Behavior
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Part III: Social Issues

Freedom

Uses of the Word Free
Being Free: Free Will
Feeling Free: Political and Social Freedom
Coercion and Aversive Control
Freedom and Happiness
Objections to the Behavioral View
Reinforcement Traps, Bad Habits, and Self‐Control
Spiritual Freedom
The Challenge of Traditional Thinking
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Responsibility, Credit, and Blame

Responsibility and the Causes of Behavior
Free Will and the Visibility of Control
Assigning Credit and Blame
Compassion and Control
Responsibility and the Consequences of Behavior
What is Responsibility?
Practical Considerations: The Need for Control
Applying Consequences
What Kind of Control?
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Relationships, Management, and Government

Relationships
Mutual Reinforcement
Individuals and Organizations
Exploitation
The “Happy Slave”
Long‐Term Consequences
Comparative Well‐Being
Equity Theory
Which Comparisons?
Cooperation
Control and Counter‐Control
Counter‐Control
Equity
Power
Democracy
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Values: Religion and Science

Questions about Value
Moral Relativism
Ethical Standards
The Law of Human Nature
The Question of Origins
A Scientific Approach to Values
Reinforcers and Punishers
Feelings
Evolutionary Theory and Values
Altruism and Cooperation
Morals
The Good Life
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
The Evolution of Culture

Biological Evolution and Culture
Replicators and Fitness
Societies
Group Selection
Definition of Culture
Culture and Society
Culture and Fitness
Traits for Culture
Behavioral Specializations
Imitation
Social Reinforcers and Punishers
Variation, Transmission, and Selection
Variation
Cultural Replicators
Meme, Culturgen, Practice
Social Reinforcement and Punishment
Mutation, Recombination, and Immigration
Transmission
Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
Transmission by Imitation
Transmission by Rule‐Governed Behavior
Selection
Natural Selection in Culture
Selective Transmission
Rule‐Following and Rule‐Making
The Legend of Eslok
Cultural Group Selection
Self‐Interest
Summary
Further Reading
Keyterms
Design of Culture: Experimenting for Survival

Design from Evolution
Selective Breeding
Evaluation
Survival as a Standard
Guided Variation
The Experimental Society
Experimenting
Democracy
Happiness
Walden Two: Skinner’s Vision
Interpreting Walden Two
Is Walden Two Utopian?

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