The National Wildlife Refuges Coordinating a Conservation System Through Law 1st Edition by Robert Fischman ISBN 978-1559639910 1559639911
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Product details:
ISBN 10:1559639911
ISBN 13: 978-1559639910
Author:Robert L. Fischman
The National Wildlife Refuges provides a comprehensive examination of the laws and policies governing management of the national wildlife refuges, offering for the first time a practical description and analysis of the management regime outlined in the 1997 National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act. The 1997 act is the first new statute governing a system of federal public lands enacted since the 1970s. The evolution of law governing the refuge system parallels broader trends in public land management and environmental protection, making the refuge system a valuable case study for those interested in environmental management, policy, and law. The book:
describes the National Wildlife Refuge System and its legal history
offers a detailed breakdown of the 1997 act, including its purpose, designated uses, comprehensive planning provisions, substantive management criteria, and public participation aspects
considers individual refuges and specific issues that apply to only certain refuges
discusses oil and gas development in refuges
offers observations about how well the refuge system law resolves historic tensions and achieves modern conservation goals
A separate chapter examines the special rules governing refuges in Alaska and considers the contentious debate over the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Appendixes offer a reference of acronyms and abbreviations, a chronology of the refuge system’s development, key statutory provisions (including the full text of the 1997 act), and basic information about each national wildlife refuge.
With an approach to conservation that is increasingly prevalent around the world, the National Wildlife Refuge System is an important model for sustainable resource management, and the book’s analyses of the refuge system’s ecological management criteria, conflicts between primary and subsidiary uses, and tension between site-specific standards and uniform national goals all offer important lessons for environmental governance generally.
Table of contents:
1. Introduction
The Forces Shaping Refuge Management Road Map to This Book
PART ONE
Understanding Refuge Resource Management
2. What Is the National Wildlife Refuge System?
Public Land Systems in the United States
The Crazy-Quilt Refuge System
3. The History of the National Wildlife Refuge System
Early History
The 1962 Refuge Recreation Act
The 1966 Refuge Administration Act
The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act
of 1980
The Struggle with Incompatible Uses
President Clinton’s 1996 Executive Order
4. The Meaning of Organic Legislation
Evolution of the Term
The Hallmarks of Modern Organic Legislation
PART TWO
The National Wildlife Refuge System
Improvement Act of 1997
5. Purpose Statements
Sustaining, Restoring, Enhancing Healthy Populations
Plant Conservation
Modern Scientific Research Programs
Habitats, Utilitarianism, and Agency Discretion
Coordination
6. Designated Uses: The Hierarchy
Conservation as a Dominant Use
Overview of the Hierarchy of Uses
The Wildlife-Dependent Recreation Priority
Nonwildlife-Dependent Uses
7. Comprehensive Planning
Broad-Scale Plans
Comprehensive Conservation Plans
Comprehensive Conservation Plan Procedures
8. Substantive Management Criteria
The Compatibility Standard
Biological Integrity, Diversity, and Environmental Health
Water Rights
Biological Monitoring
Conservation Stewardship
9. Public Participation
Rules and Policies
Comprehensive Conservation Plans
Compatibility Determinations
Advisory Committees
Challenges to FWS Decisions
PART THREE
Applying Resource Management to Individual Refuges and Resources
10. Individual Refuge Purposes
Presidential Sources
Congressional Sources
Administrative Sources
Conclusion
11. The Special Case of the Alaska Refuges
Subsistence Uses
Native Claims
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
12. Oil and Gas Development in the Refuges
Federal Subsurface Ownership
Private Subsurface Ownership
CONCLUSION
13. Resource Management through Organic Legislation The Persistence of Incompatible Uses The Refuge System as the Future of Public Land Conservation
Appendices
A. A Chronology of Refuge System Development
B. Relevant Statutes:
National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966
National Wildlife Refuge Recreation Act of 1962
C. The National Wildlife Refuge Units
D. Acronyms and Abbreviations
References
About the Author Index
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