Statistical Evidence in Medical Trials Mountain or Molehill What Do the Data Really Tell Us 1st Edition by Stephen Simon ISBN 978-0198567615 0198567618

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Product details: 

ISBN 10:   0198567618

ISBN 13: 978-0198567615

Author: Stephen Simon

Statistical Evidence in Medical Trials is a lucid, well-written and entertaining text that addresses common pitfalls in evaluating medical research. Including extensive use of publications from the medical literature and a non-technical account of how to appraise the quality of evidence presented in these publications, this book is ideal for health care professionals, students in medical or nursing schools, researchers and students in statistics, and anyone needing to assess the evidence published in medical journals.

Table of contents: 

1 Apples or Oranges? Selection of the Control Group

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Randomly selected controls

1.3 Variations on randomization

1.4 Nonrandomized studies

1.5 Preventing covariate imbalance before it occurs

1.6 Statistical adjustments

1.7 Counterpoint: Randomized trials are overrated

1.8 Summary-Apples or oranges

1.9 On your own

2 Who Was Left Out? Exclusions, refusals, and drop-outs

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Who was excluded at the start of the study?

2.3 Who refused to join the study?

2.4 Who stopped or switched therapies?

2.5 Who dropped out during the study?

2.6 Counterpoint: Intention to treat is overrated

2.7 Summary-Who was left out?

2.8 On your own

3 Mountain or Molehill? The Clinical Importance of the Results

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Did they measure the right thing?

3.3 Did they measure the outcome well?

3.4 Were the changes clinically important?

3.5 Counterpoint: Blinding is overrated

3.6 Summary-Mountain or molehill?

3.7 On your own

4 What Do the Other Witnesses Say? Corroborating Evidence

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Is there a strong association?

4.3 Is there a dose-response pattern?

4.4 Is the association consistent?

4.5 Is the association specific?

4.6 Is the association biologically plausible?

4.7 Is there a conflict of interest?

4.8 Is there any evidence of fraud?

4.9 Counterpoint: Biological plausibility is overrated

4.10 Summary-what do the other witnesses say?

4.11 On your own

5 Do the Pieces Fit Together? Systematic overviews and meta-analyses

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Were apples combined with oranges?

5.3 Were some apples left on the tree?

5.4 Were all of the apples rotten?

5.5 Did the pile of apples amount to more than just a hill of beans?

5.6 Counterpoint: meta-analysis is overrated

5.7 Summary-Do the pieces fit together?

5.8 On your own

6 What Do All These Numbers Mean?

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Samples and populations

6.3 Type I and II errors

6.4 Confidence interval

6.5 p-value

6.6 Odds ratio and relative risk

6.7 Correlation

6.8 Survival curves

6.9 Prevalence and incidence

6.10 On your own

7 Where Is the Evidence? Searching for Information

7.1 Introduction

7.2 PICO format

7.3 Search high level sources first

7.4 Searching in PubMed

7.5 Searching the Internet

7.6 Summary-Where is the evidence?

7.7 On your own

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