Selection The Mechanism of Evolution 2nd Edition by Graham Bell ISBN 978-0198569732 0198569734
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ISBN 10: 0198569734
ISBN 13: 978-0198569732
Author: Graham Bell
This book adopts an experimental approach to understanding the mechanisms of evolution and the nature of evolutionary processes, with examples drawn from microbial, plant and animal systems. It incorporates insights from remarkable recent advances in theoretical modelling, and the fields of molecular genetics and environmental genomics.
Adaptation is caused by selection continually winnowing the genetic variation created by mutation. In the last decade, our knowledge of how selection operates on populations in the field and in the laboratory has increased enormously, and the principal aim of this book is to provide an up-to-date account of selection as the principal agent of evolution. In the classical Fisherian model, weak selection acting on many genes of small effect over long periods of time is responsible for driving slow and gradual change. However, it is now clear that adaptation in laboratory populations often involves strong selection acting on a few genes of large effect, while in the wild selection is often strong and highly variable in space and time. Indeed these results are changing our perception of how evolutionary change takes place. This book summarizes our current understanding of the causes and consequences of selection, with an emphasis on quantitative and experimental studies. It includes the latest research into experimental evolution, natural selection in the wild, artificial selection, selfish genetic elements, selection in social contexts, sexual selection, and speciation.
Table of contents:
1 Simple selection
2 The genetic and ecological context of selection
2.1 History, chance, and necessity
2.2 The rate of genetic deterioration
2.3 The rate of environmental deterioration
3 Natural selection in closed asexual populations
3.1 Microcosmologia
3.2 Sorting: selection of pre-existing variation
3.3 Purifying selection: maintaining adaptedness despite genetic deterioration
3.4 Directional selection: restoring adaptedness despite environmental deterioration
3.5 Successive substitution
3.6 Cumulative adaptation
3.7 Successive substitution at several loci
4 Prometheus Unbound: releasing the constraints on natural selection
4.1 Increasing the mutation rate
4.2 Horizontal transmission
4.3 Sex
4.4 Dispersal
5 Selection in multicellular organisms
5.1 Size matters
5.2 Reproductive allocation
5.3 Life histories
6 Artificial selection
6.1 Selection acting on quantitative variation
6.2 Generations 1-10: the short-term response
6.3 Generations 10-100: the limits to selection
6.4 Generations 100 up: new kinds of creatures
7 Natural selection in open populations
7.1 Fitness in natural populations
7.2 Phenotypic selection
7.3 Selection experiments in the field
7.4 Adaptation to the humanized landscape
7.5 The ghost of selection past
8 Adaptive radiation: diversity and specialization
8.1 Adaptive and non-adaptive radiation
8.2 GXE
8.3 Specialization and generalization
8.4 Opportunities in space: obligations in time
8.5 Local adaptation
9 Autoselection: selfish genetic elements
9.1 Infection
9.2 Interference
9.3 Gonotaxis
10 Social selection
10.1 Selection within a single uniform population: density-dependent selection
10.2 Selection within a single diverse population: frequency-dependent selection
10.3 Social behaviour
10.4 Kin selection and group selection
11 Co-evolution
11.1 Rivals
11.2 Partners
11.3 Enemies
11.4 Ecosystems
12 Sexual selection
12.1 Evolution of sex
12.2 The alternation of generations
12.3 Gender
12.4 Beauty and the Beast
13 Speciation
13.1 Speciation and diversification
13.2 Experimental speciation
13.3 Emerging species
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Tags: Graham Bell, The Mechanism