Quantitative Geology of Late Jurassic Epicontinental Sediments in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland 1st Edition by Reinhart Gygi ISBN 978-3034801355 3034801351
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Quantitative Geology of Late Jurassic Epicontinental Sediments in the Jura Mountains of Switzerland 1st Edition by Reinhart A. Gygi- Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery: 978-3034801355, 3034801351
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Product details:
ISBN 10: 3034801351
ISBN 13: 978-3034801355
Author: Reinhart A. Gygi
The book summarizes about 40 years of the author’s research on sedimentary geology in an epicontinental (shelf) sea during the Late Jurassic in northern Switzerland. It presents a synopsis of the interplay of varying paleoclimate, of sea level variations, of varying water depth, of sea floor topography, of vertical and lateral facies changes, of processes of sedimentation like aggradation and progradation, of compaction, of the great regional differences in rates of sedimentation and in isostatic equilibration of the lithosphere under load, and of concomitant synsedimentary tectonics. Regional variation in isostatic adjustment of the lithosphere to the increasing load of sediments is analyzed by means of time correlations based on a detailed biochronology of ammonites in combination with mineral stratigraphy using the comparatively stable clay mineral kaolinite, and with sequence stratigraphy.
Table of contents:
1 Previous Work..
1.1 From the Beginnings to 1962.
1.2 From 1962 to the Present Time.
1.3 Obsolete Stage Names in Modern Geological Maps of the Jura Mountains
2 What Can Be Measured, Calculated, or Quantified by Comparison.
2.1 Sediment Thickness.
2.2 Direct Time Calibration of Sediments.
2.2.1 Radiometric Ages.
2.2.2 Geomagnetic Polarity Scale….
2.3 Relative Time Calibration of Sediments.
2.3.1 Biochronology of Ammonites and Ammonite Zones.
2.3.2 The Three Principal Marl-Limestone Successions in the Swiss Oxfordian.
2.3.3 Elementary Marl-Limestone Cycles.
2.3.4 Comparison of Marl-Limestone Cycles with MILANKOVITCH-Type Periodicity.
2.4 Rates of Sedimentation.
2.5 Provenance and Quantity of Calcareous Mud.
2.6 Water Depth and Sea Floor Topography
2.7 Subsidence..
2.8 Synsedimentary Tectonics.
2.9 Sea Level Variations.
2.10 Oxygen Content and Salinity of Bottom Water
2.11 Paleoclimate.
3 Paleogeography and Paleoclimate..
4 Sedimentation…
4.1 Minerals, Fossils, and Sediments Diagnostic of Climate and of Water Temperature, Oxygenation, and Depth.
4.1.1 Minerals….
4.1.2 Fossils..
4.1.3 Sediments.
4.2 Water Depth and Sea Floor Topography in the Deep Subtidal Zone.
4.2.1 Water Depth.
4.2.2 Sea Floor Topography.
4.3 How the Composition of the Macrofossil Assemblage in a Sediment Varied with Increasing Depth of Deposition.
4.3.1 Variation in Main Macrofossil Assemblages.
4.3.2 Spherical Calcareous Oncoids Growing at Widely Varying Water Depth.
4.4 Oxygen Content of Bottom Water.
4.5 The Influence of Bottom Water Oxygenation on the Composition and Preservation of Fossil Assemblages.
4.6 Hermatypic Corals and Their Greater Tolerance of Clay Mineral Sedimentation Compared to that of Ammonites.
4.7 Sediment Transport from Land to Sea.
4.8 The Mode of Formation of Thin and Widespread Iron Oolites in Relatively Deep Water on the Level Basin Floor.
4.8.1 Macrofossil Assemblages in Iron Oolites..
4.8.2 How Iron Ooids did not Become Embedded into Thin, Widespread Beds of Argillaceous or of Calcareous Mud on the Basin Floor.
4.8.3 How Iron Ooids Dispersed at the Surface of Mud-Grade Sediment Could be Accreted and Become Embedded at a Water Depth of up to 100 m.
4.8.4 Accretion of Brown Iron Ooids of Goethite and Green Iron Ooids of Berthierine Side by Side in Well-Oxygenated Bottom Water of the Deep Subtidal Zone
4.9 Aggradation, Progradation, and Backstepping.
4.10 Depositional Slopes with Truncation Surfaces, Debris Flows, and Turbidites.
4.11 Lateral Shift of Belts with Maximal Sedimentation Rate.
4.12 Carbonate Platforms Versus Ramps.
4.13 Lateral Shift of Carbonate Platform Margins.
4.14 Origin of Calcareous Mud.
4.14.1 Different Sources of Calcareous Mud.
4.14.2 Export of Calcareous Mud from Carbonate Platforms.
4.14.3 Whitings, their Localization and Quantitative Relevance.
4.15 Deepening-Upward and Shallowing-Upward Successions.
4.15.1 Deepening-Upward Successions
4.15.2 Shallowing-Upward Successions and Walther’s “Law”.
5 Sea Level Variations.
5.1 Rapid Relative Sea Level Rises: Timing and Quantification.
5.2 Evidence that Rapid Relative Sea Level Rises Were Eustatically Driven.
5.3 Falls of Sea Level in the Late Jurassic..
5.4 Why Stillstand, Progradation, and Backstepping of Basinward Rims of the Shallow-Water Sedimentary Units Investigated Are Diagnostic of Eustasy.
5.5 The Pattem of Global Sea Level Variation in the Late Jurassic.
5.5.1 Long-Term Variations
5.5.2 Short-Term Variations.
6 Hermatypic Coral Assemblages: Growth Form, Spatial Distribution, and Paleobathymetry
7 Age and Time Correlation of Sediments.
7.1 Direct Measurement of Age Using Nuclear Decay.
7.2 Relative Time Calibration According to Ammonite Biochronology.
7.3 The Ammonite Zones of the Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian Stages in Northern Switzerland.
7.4 Time Correlation…
8 Rates of Sedimentation Varying Between Positive (Net), Zero, and Negative (Erosion).
8.1 Net Sedimentation at a Normal Rate.
8.2 Stratigraphic Condensation.
8.3 Omission (Nondeposition).
8.4 Subaqueous Erosion of Unlithified Sediment by Bottom Currents.
8.5 Subsolution: Subaqueous Corrosion of Early Lithified Limestone
8.6 Subaerial Erosion of Limestone Interrupting Shallow-Marine Sedimentation.
9 Subsidence.
9.1 Endogenic Subsidence.
9.2 Exogenic Subsidence Under Load: Isostatic Equilibration of the Lithosphere.
10 Synsedimentary Tectonics.
11 Discussion and Conclusions.
11.1 Generalities..
11.2 Endogenically Driven, Vertical Movements of the Basement.
11.3 Rates of Sedimentation compared with Rates of Exogenic Subsidence.
11.4 Interpretation of Sediments.
11.4.1 Time Calibration and Correlation..
11.4.2 Great Thickness Variation in Coeval Sediments.
11.4.3 Paleobathymetry..
11.4.4 Sea Floor Topography.
11.5 Paleoclimate and Sediment Supply
11.5.1 Subtropical Climate Alternating Between Humid and Semiarid..
11.5.2 Long-Term Climatic Change Throughout the Oxfordian Age.
11.5.3 Sediment Supply and Mode of Transport
11.5.4 Storms and Storm Wave Base.
11.5.5 Kaolinite as a Means in Time Correlation.
11.6 Sea Level Variation…
11.6.1 Eustasy in the Quaternary
11.6.2 Eustasy in the Late Jurassic..
11.7 The Potential of Ammonites in Sedimentary Geology.
12 Main Conclusions.
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Tags: Reinhart Gygi, Quantitative Geology, Late Jurassic Epicontinental, Jura Mountains