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(Ebook PDF) Numerous Meanings 1st edition by Bert Bultinck 0080456799 9780080456799 full chapter

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Numerous Meanings Bert Bultinck Digital Instant Download

Author(s): Bert Bultinck
ISBN(s): 9780080445571, 0080445578
Edition: Kindle
File Details: PDF, 21.25 MB
Year: 2005
Language: english
SKU: EB-1963392 Category: Tag:

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ISBN 10:         0080456799
ISBN 13: 978-0080456799
Author:          Bert Bultinck

Outlandish as it may seem to the uninitiated, the meaning of English cardinal numbers has been the object of many heated and fascinating debates. Notwithstanding the numerous important objections that have been formulated in the last three decades, the (neo-)Gricean, scalar account is still the standard semantic description of numerals. In this book, Bultinck writes the history of this implicature-driven approach and demonstrates that it suffers from methodological insecurity and postulates highly non-conventional meanings of numerals as their “literal meaning”, while it confuses the level of lexical semantics with that of utterances and cannot deal with a large number of counter-examples. Relying on the results of an extensive corpus-based analysis, an alternative account of the meaning of English cardinals and the ways in which their interpretation is influenced by other linguistic elements is presented. As such, this analysis constitutes a prism that offers today’s linguist an iridescent history of one of the most fascinating, if often misconstrued, topics in contemporary meaning research: the conversational implicatures.

“Bert Bultinck’s book presents rich empirical data, backed by sound theoretical understanding, which results in a strong challenge to standard neo-Gricean approaches and makes a valuable contribution to research on the semantics and pragmatics of number terms.”
Robyn Carston, University College London, UK

“Bultinck’s Numerous Meanings is a unique contribution to the semantics and pragmatics of cardinal numbers, taking Grice’s theory of implicatures to its limits, and raising numerous and original questions about meaning along the way.”

Numerous Meanings 1st Table of contents:

 

Here’s a reorganized and cleaner version of the table of contents:

Introduction

  • The Gricean Theory of Implicatures
    • Implicatures according to Paul Grice
    • Meaning, Logic, and Conversation
    • Formalists and Informalists
    • Maxims and Implicatures
    • Rescuing Logic in Conversation
      • (1) Therefore
      • (2) Or
      • (3) If … Then

Conclusion: Implicatures According to Neo-Griceans and Critics

  • Versions of the Conversational Principles and their Indeterminacy
  • Tests of Conversational Implicatures
  • Formalizations and Scales

The Projection Problem

  • The Architecture of Meaning
    • Consequences for the Analysis of Meaning
    • Three Decades of Gricean Numerals
    • Minimalism and Implicatures: Tradition and Evolution
      • Horn’s Original Analysis
      • Existentialist Minimalism

Salience and Activation

  • Underspecification
    • Early Approaches and Formulations
    • Underspecification, Underdeterminacy, and Enrichment
    • Marginal Positions: Punctual Semantics and Ambiguity

Summary and ‘Absolute Value’

  • General Corpus Analysis of the Forms and Functions of English Cardinals
    • Prolegomenon: The English Lexical Category “Numeral”
    • Semantics: Open – Closed Class
    • Syntax

Conclusion

  • Forms of Two
    • Adnominal and Pronominal Uses of Two
    • Analysis of the NP Containing Two
    • Restrictors and Complex Constructions
    • Functions of Two: Corpus Analysis
    • Cardinal Two
    • Two as a Label: Standard Examples and Marginal Labels
    • Number Two

Clockwise: Two in Indications of Temporal Location

  • Pronominal Two and Ellipsis
    • Standard Examples
    • Elliptical Two as the Predicate of a Copula
    • Degrees of Pronominality: What About You Two?
    • Two as the Name of a Symbol

Mathematical Uses of Two

  • Discourse-Structural Two and Other Uses of Two
  • Relationship between Adnominal Form and Cardinal Function
    • Degrees of Prominence of Cardinality
    • Domains of Use

A Special Case: Zero

  • Zero as Adnominal and Head
  • Comparison of Two and Zero

Conclusion

  • ‘At Least N’, ‘Exactly N’, ‘At Most N’, and ‘Absolute Value’ Readings

Methodology

  • Absolute Values and ‘Exactly N’ Values of Two in N CN and Pronominal Uses
  • Increasing the Number of Positions: The Concept ‘Absolute Value’
  • ‘Absolute Value’ and ‘Exactly N’ Readings of Two in the Corpus: A Continuum

Syntactic Function of the NP Containing Two

  • Two in Adverbial Phrases
  • Two in Direct Object Phrases
  • Two in Subject Phrases and Gradations of ‘Absolute Value’
  • Two in Predicate Phrases and the “Existential There”-Effect
  • Hierarchy of Syntactic Functions
    • Comparison with Discourse Topic Theory: Van Kuppevelt (1996) and Scharten (1997)

Other Determinants of Value Interpretation

  • Relative Strength of Factors Influencing Value Interpretation
    • Influence of Pronominality and Reduced Cardinality
    • Summary

‘At Least / More Than N’ and ‘At Most / Less than N’ Uses of Two in the Corpus and the Influence of Modality

  • Neo-Gricean Arguments in the Corpus Analysis of Two

Defeasibility: The Cancellation and Suspension Tests

  • The Suspension Test
  • The Cancellation Test

Redundancy and Negation

  • Conclusion

Small Numbers, Large Numbers, Round Numbers, and Non-Round Numbers

  • Ten, Twenty-Two, One Thousand
  • Restrictors: Survey from ‘More Than’ to ‘Less Than’
  • “Epistemic Load”
  • Approximativity and Exactness: Only and Just

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