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(Ebook PDF) Human Birth An Evolutionary Perspective 1st Edition by Wenda Trevathan ISBN 9781351514606 1351514601 full chapters

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Human Birth An Evolutionary Perspective 1st Edition Wenda R. Trevathan Digital Instant Download

Author(s): Wenda R. Trevathan
ISBN(s): 9781412815024, 1412815029
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 28.33 MB
Year: 2011
Language: english
SKU: EB-36372770 Category: Tag:

(Ebook PDF) Human Birth An Evolutionary Perspective 1st Edition by Wenda Trevathan -Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:9781351514606, 1351514601

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ISBN 10:1351514601

ISBN 13:9781351514606

Author: Wenda R. Trevathan

The story of human evolution has been told hundreds of times, each time with a focus that seems most informative of the teller. No matter how it is told the primary characters are rarely mothers and infants. Darwin argued survival, but today we know that reproduction is what evolution is all about. Centering on this, Trevathan focuses on birth, which gives the study of human evolution a crucial new dimension.Unique among mammals, humans are bipedal. The evolution of bipedalism required fundamental changes in the pelvis and resulted in a narrow birth canal. Humans are also large-brained animals, which means that birth is much more challenging for our species than for most other animals. The result of this mismatch of large head and narrow pelvis is that women are highly dependent on assistance at birth and their babies are born in an unusually undeveloped state when the brain is still small. Human Birth discusses how the birth process has evolved and ways in which human birth differs from birth in all other mammals.Human Birth is also concerned with mother-infant interaction immediately after birth. While working as a midwife trainee, Trevathan carefully documented the births of more than one hundred women and recorded maternal and infant behaviors during the first hour after birth. She suggests ways in which the interactions served not only to enhance mother-infant bonding, but also to ensure survival in the evolutionary past. With clarity and compelling logic Trevathan argues that modern birth practices often fail to meet evolved needs of women and infants and suggests changes that could lead to better birth experiences. This paperback edition includes a new introduction by the author.

Table of Contents:

  • Introduction
  • 1 EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN BIRTH AND BONDING: THE BACKGROUND
  • Sex
  • Viviparity
  • The Hemochorial Placenta
  • Gestation Length
  • Bipedalism and Parturition
  • Lactation
  • Intensification of Parental Care
  • Summary
  • 2 ISSUES RELATING TO THE CURRENT STUDY: THE BIRTH CENTER, MIDWIVES, MOTHERS, AND METHODS
  • Anthropological Interest in Birth and Bonding
  • The Setting: El Paso and The Birth Center
  • Midwives
  • The Mothers
  • Methodology
  • Ontogenetic and Proximate Factors Influencing Maternal Behavior at Birth and Immediately Postpartum
  • Summary
  • 3 THE PROCESS OF PARTURITION
  • Physiology and Biochemistry of Labor and Delivery in Human Beings
  • Behaviors Associated with Parturition
  • Comparisons of Births in Human and Nonhuman Primates
  • Summary
  • 4 THE NEWBORN INFANT
  • The Neonatal Brain
  • Infant State
  • Neonatal Behavior
  • Variation in Neonatal Behavior
  • Exterogestation
  • Summary
  • 5 MOTHER-INFANT INTERACTION IMMEDIATELY AFTER BIRTH
  • Tactile Interaction
  • Left-Lateral Preference
  • Visual Communication
  • Auditory Communication
  • Entrainment
  • Nursing
  • Odor
  • Ethograms of Maternal Behavior Immediately after Birth
  • Summary
  • 6 MOTHER-INFANT BONDING AT BIRTH
  • Mother-Infant Bonding in Nonhuman Mammals
  • Bonding in Human Mothers and Infants
  • An Evolutionary Perspective on the First Hour after Birth
  • 7 AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE ON HUMAN BIRTH AND BONDING: CONCLUSIONS
  • Readjustments in Birth and the Mother-Infant Bond Throughout Human Evolution
  • Birth and Bonding in a Wider Context
  • Appendix A: Translation of Spanish Dialogues

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Wenda Trevathan,Human Birth,Evolutionary Perspective