Health in the Americas 2002 2 Volume Set 1st Edition by Pan American Health Organization ISBN 978-9275115879 9275115877
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Product details:
ISBN 10: 9275115877
ISBN 13: 978-9275115879
Author: Pan American Health Organization
Published in two volumes, the 13th edition covers mainly the 1997-2000 period and strives to document health inequalities in the Americas’ 47 countries and territories. Volume I with its regional perspective looks at issues including: mortality and changes in life expectancy; the relationship between health and income distribution; health sector reforms; current health conditions; and overall health trends. Volume II presents analysis by country and territory; the information in this volume examines each country’s overall health conditions and updates the institutional organization, health regulations, and the overall operations of he health systems and services in each country.”
Table of contents:
1. REGIONAL HEALTH ANALYSIS.
Socioeconomic and Health Context in the Region of the Americas
Political Factors
Economic and Social Trends
Environmental Trends
General Trends in Public Health
Effect of Economic Inequalities on Health Indicators
Population Characteristics and Trends
Population Distribution in the Americas
Population Growth
Annual Population Growth
Births
Birth Rate
Fertility
Mortality
Deaths
Crude Mortality Rate.
Infant Mortality
Life Expectancy at Birth
Age Structure
Age Groups
Aging
Natural Population Growth
International Migration
Urbanization
Percentage of the Population Living in Urban Areas
Rate of Urbanization
Growth of Cities
The Relationship between Fertility and Mortality in the Americas
Mortality Situation and Trends
Mortality Profile, Magnitude, and Trends
Communicable Diseases
Neoplasms
Diseases of the Circulatory System
Diseases Associated with the Perinatal Period
External Causes
Impact of Mortality on Life Expectancy at Birth
Infectious Diseases
Neoplasms
Diseases of the Circulatory System
Diseases Originating in the Perinatal Period
External Causes
Other Causes
Regional Health Inequalities
The Socioeconomic Dimension of Health Inequalities
Inequalities in Life Expectancy at Birth
Inequalities in the Risk of Dying
Inequalities in the Supply and Production of Health Services
Inequalities in Health Determinants
Regional Scenarios for Health Action
Pan Americanism and Equity: Efforts toward a Healthier Hemisphere
Methodological Annex
Technical Notes
Sources of Data
Classification of Causes of Death
Partition of the Change in Life Expectancy
The 20% Wealthiest/20% Poorest Income Ratio and the Gini Coefficient
Income Level and Income Gap
Graphic Representation of Distribution Using Boxplots
Statistical Annex
II. MACRODETERMINANTS OF HEALTH IN SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable Human Development and Health
Conceptual Framework
Health, Equity, and Human Development in the Region
Health as a Determinant of Economic Growth
The Dimensions of Globalization and its Impact on Health
Globalization, Communication, Science, and Health
Globalization, Governance, and Health
Globalization, Public Goods, Trade, and Health
Poverty, Income, and Health
Conceptual Considerations
Extent of Poverty
Poverty, Education, and Health
Poverty, Income, and Household Drinking-Water Coverage
Poverty, Income, Nutrition, and Access to
Reproductive and Child Health Services
Poverty, Income, and Physical and Financial Access to Health Services
Ethnicity and Health
Conceptual Issues
A Demographic Perspective
Poverty and Ethnicity
Health Differentials in African-Descendent Communities
Final Reflections
Health and Gender Equity
Gender, Equity, and Health Situation
Length and Quality of Life
Nature of Problems Differentially Affecting the Sexes
Gender, Equity, and Access to Adequate Care: Needs-based Health Care
Use of Services for Illness or Injury
Use of Services for Reproductive Health
Gender, Equity, and Health Care Financing: Payment According to Means
III. HEALTH SYSTEM REFORMS
Context
The Regional Initiative for Following-up and Assessing Reforms
Reforms in Canada and the United States
Reforms in Latin America and the Caribbean
Substance of the Reforms
Assessment of Reform Results in Latin America and the Caribbean
Towards a New Generation of Reforms
The Shared Agenda and Sector Reforms
Strengthening the Steering Role of the Health Sector
and Essential Public Health Functions
The Health Steering Functions
Institutional Strengthening of Health Authorities
for the Performance of their Steering Role
Health Care Policy Direction
Regulation and Accountability
Essential Public Health Functions
Guiding Financing
Guaranteeing Coverage
Harmonizing Health Service Provision
The “Public Health in the Americas” Initiative
Essential Public Health Functions and their Relationship
to Strengthening the Steering Function
Measuring Performance
Extending Social Protection for Health
Difficulties in Measuring Exclusion from Social Protection for Health
Social Protection for Health
Social Protection for Health and the Health Systems
Causes of Social Exclusion from Health Care
Strategies for Extending Social Protection for Health
The Political Economy of Extending Social Protection for Health
Legislation to Regulate the Provision of Health Services..
Reforms and Health Systems Financing
Service Delivery Trends and Approaches
Expanding Health Care Services to Populations
and Geographic Areas without Access
Ensuring and Providing Health Care to the Entire Population
Changing the Health Care Model,
Emphasizing Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
New Management Approaches for Public Health Establishments
Integrating Health Service Providers
Quality-centered Management and Provision of Health Services
Gearing the Health Services to Demand and the Consumer
Analysis of Human Resources in Reform Processes
Reform and Management of Human Resources in the Health Services
Reforms and Human Resources Training
Reform and Health Care Labor Markets
Reforms and Professional Associations and Unions
Regulation of Human Resources and the Steering Role
IV. PROMOTING HEALTH IN THE AMERICAS
The Health Promotion Framework
Healthy Settings
Healthy Municipalities and Communities
Experiences in the Countries
Health-promoting Schools
Family and Population Health
Child Health and Development
Childhood Health Determinants and Overall Development.
Health Situation and Achievement of Goals of the World Summit for Children
Emerging Problems
Adolescent and Youth Health and Development
Education
Employment
Family Structure and Dynamics
Morbidity and Mortality
Sexual and Reproductive Health
Violence
Mental Health and Substance Abuse
The Programmatic Response to Youth and Adolescent Needs
Safe Motherhood
Maternal Health
Maternal Mortality
Prenatal Care
Quality of Maternal and Perinatal Care
Institutional Births
Health of the Elderly
Health and Aging Indicators
Self-reported Health Status
Difficulties with Activities of Daily Living
Chronic Health Conditions
Cognitive and Emotional Well-being
Health Behaviors of the Elderly
Nutrition
Physical Activity
Smoking
Health of Indigenous Peoples
The Response of the Region’s Countries
International Organizations and Intersectoral Integration
Disability
Food and Nutrition
Nutrition in Infants and Young Children
Breast-feeding and Complementary Feeding Patterns and Trends
Undernutrition
HIV and Infant Feeding
Micronutrients
The Obesity Epidemic in the Americas
Mental Health
Prevalence of Mental Disorders
Costs and Burden of Mental Disorders
Policies and Services
Drug Use and Dependency
Tobacco
Mortality Attributable to Tobacco Consumption.
Prevalence of Tobacco Use
Distribution of Tobacco Use by Sex and Socioeconomic Level
Effect of Interventions to Reduce Smoking
Alcohol
Alcohol Consumption
Prevention Challenges
Illegal Drugs
Cultivation and Production
Consumption
Social and Health Consequences of Drug Use
Response of the Health Sector
Sexual and Reproductive Health
Reproductive Health across Population Groups
Abortion
Contraception
Response of the Health System
Policy and Regulation
Human Rights Efforts
Organization and Functioning
Quality
Human Resource Development
Financing
Oral Health
Multi-year Fluoridation Plan in the Americas
Effectiveness of Salt Fluoridation
Enamel Fluorosis
Status of Dental Services
Periodontal Disease
Buccopharyngeal Cancer
Cleft Lip and Palate
V. THE ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Water and Sanitation
Drinking Water
Wastewater and Excreta Disposal
Contamination of Water Resources
Effect of Natural Disasters on Water Services and Sanitation
Regulation of Water and Sanitation Services
Potential Effect of Water and Sanitation on Health
Water and Sanitation in Sustainable Human Development
Solid Waste
Housing and Health
Pesticides and Other Pollutants
Chemical Risks
Air Pollution
Air Monitoring Systems
Environmental Protection and Development
in Regard to Pesticides and other Contaminants
Regulating Pesticides and other Pollutants
The Work Environment and Occupational Health Services
Employment in the Region
Trade Unions
Data Registration
Occupational Accidents and Diseases
Fatal Accidents
Non-fatal Accidents
The Most Vulnerable and Susceptible Population Groups
Working Women
Working Children and Youths
Working Seniors
Cost of Occupational Accidents and Diseases
Social Coverage
Public Policies for Workers’ Health
Occupational Health Services
Regulating Occupational Health
Conclusions and Priorities
VI. DISEASE PREVENTION
Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases
Resistance to Antimicrobials
Antimicrobial Surveillance in the Region of the Americas, 1996-2000
Anthrax
Cholera
Situation and Trends
Cholera and Economic and Social Inequalities
Challenges
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Hantavirus and Its Reservoirs
Situation and Trends
Challenges for Control
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
West Nile Fever
Chronic Communicable Diseases
Tuberculosis
Risk Situations
Tuberculosis Morbidity, Mortality, and Fatality.
Tubercular Meningitis and BCG
Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS
Resistance to Antituberculosis Drugs
Regional and Worldwide Response
Implementation of the DOTS Strategy in the Region
Leprosy
Vector-borne Diseases
Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Dengue
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Prevention and Control
Malaria
Quantification and Description of the Response
Challenges and Prospects
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ Disease)
Control and Elimination Activities
The Challenge
Lymphatic Filariasis
Onchocerciasis
Strategy for the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses-IMCI
Mortality from Diseases Targeted by the IMCI Strategy
Morbidity from Diseases Targeted by the IMCI Strategy.
Problems Associated with Quality of Care
Results of the Proposed Interventions
Challenges and Future Prospects
HIV, AIDS, and other Sexually Transmitted Infections
Status of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
Prevention
Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Care
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Development of National and Subregional
Initiatives to Prevent and Control HIV/AIDS/STIs
Progress in the National, Subregional, and Regional Responses
Challenges and Opportunities for the Future
Disasters and the Health Sector
Magnitude and Direct Human Impact of the Events
Socioeconomic Impact.
Impact on Health and the Infrastructure of Health and Sanitation Services
Infrastructure
Health
Preparedness
Prevention and Mitigation
Mitigation Programs and the Maintenance of Health Facilities
Mitigation in Water and Sanitation Services
Response
Foodborne Diseases and Food Safety
Current Situation and Trends in Foodborne Diseases
Interventions to Prevent Foodborne Diseases
Zoonoses
Rabies
Brucellosis
Bovine Tuberculosis
Equine Encephalitis
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Leptospirosis
Plague
Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries
Risk Factors
Distribution of Risk Factors by Social Class,
Educational Level, or Economic Status
Hypertension
Surveillance of Hypertension and Related Risk Factors
Role of Behavior Modification
Caring for People with Hypertension
Economic Impact
Diabetes Mellitus
Incidence and Prevalence
Mortality
Caring for People with Diabetes
Cardiovascular Diseases
Trends in Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality
Trends in Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality
Changes in Premature Death due to
Ischemic Heart Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease
Inequalities and Cardiovascular Disease
Progress and Challenge
Malignant Neoplasms..
Stomach Cancer
Breast Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Palliative Care for Cancer
Injuries
Violence
Motor Vehicle Accidents
Opportunities for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases
Primary Prevention
Detection and Timely Treatment of Diseases
Vaccines and Immunization
Introduction
Whooping Cough
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Neonatal Tetanus
Measles
Measles Vaccination
Measles Surveillance
Measles Cases
Poliomyelitis
Vaccine-derived Poliomyelitis Outbreak in Hispaniola
Rubella
Yellow Fever
Hepatitis B
New Vaccine Introduction
Generating Information for the Introduction of New Vaccines
Immunization Programs in the Americas Reach Out to other Age Groups
VII. HEALTH RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Human Resource Development
Persistent Imbalances
New Problems
Decentralization and Administrative Changes
Employment Flexibility
Regulation of Health Training and Practice
Productivity Incentive Systems
Changes in Education Opportunities
Health Facilities
Hospital and Outpatient Care Facilities
Engineering and Maintenance of Health Facilities
Health Equipment and Technology
Imaging and Radiotherapy
Status of Diagnostic Imaging Services.
Radiation Therapy Services
Quality Assurance
Clinical and Public Health Laboratories
Information Technology..
Regulation of Medical Equipment and Devices
Health Technology Assessment
Drugs, Blood, and Vaccines
Drugs
Drug Policies
Globalization
Harmonization
Regulation and Registration
Drugs in the Health Services
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Tags: Pan American Health Organization, Health in the Americas