World Health Organization1st Edition by World Health Organization ISBN 978-9241563871 9241563877
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Product details:
ISBN 10: 9241563877
ISBN 13: 978-9241563871
Author: World Health Organization
This report uses a comprehensive framework for studying health risks that was developed for the World Health Report 2002, which presented estimates for the year 2000. The report provides an update for the year 2004 for 24 global risk factors. It uses updated information from WHO programs and scientific studies for both exposure data and the causal associations of risk exposure to disease and injury outcomes. The burden of disease attributable to risk factors is measured in terms of lost years of healthy life using the metric of the disability-adjusted life year (DALY). The DALY combines years of life lost due to premature death with years of healthy life lost due to illness and disability.
Health risks are in transition: populations are ageing owing to successes against infectious diseases; at the same time, patterns of physical activity and food, alcohol and tobacco consumption are changing. Low- and middle-income countries now face a double burden of increasing chronic, noncommunicable conditions, as well as the communicable diseases that traditionally affect the poor.
Table of contents:
1. Introduction
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The causal chain
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The risk transition
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An observed population distribution of average systolic blood pressure (SBP)
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Counterfactual attribution
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Low- and middle-income countries grouped by WHO region, 2004
2. Results
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Deaths attributed to 19 leading risk factors by country income level, 2004
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Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use, and to all three risks together by region, 2004
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Deaths and DALYs attributable to five environmental risks and to all five risks combined by region, 2004
3. Joint Effects of Risk Factors
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Disease burden attributable to 24 global risk factors by income and WHO region, 2004
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Percentage of total disease burden due to 5 and 10 leading risks and all 24 risks in this report, world 2004
4. Data and Methods
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Definition, theoretical minima, disease outcomes, and data sources for the selected global risk factors
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Summary prevalence of selected risk factors by income group in WHO regions, 2004
5. Rankings of Selected Risk Factors
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10 leading risk factor causes of death by income group, 2004
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10 leading risk factor causes of DALYs by income group, 2004
6. Risk Factor Burdens
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Deaths and DALYs attributable to five risk factors for child and maternal undernutrition and to all five risks combined
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Deaths and DALYs attributable to five diet-related risks and physical inactivity and to all six risks combined by region, 2004
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Attributable disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for selected diet-related risk factors and all six risks together by WHO region and income level, 2004
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Burden of disease attributable to lack of contraception by WHO region, 2004
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Attributable mortality by risk factor and income group in WHO regions, estimates for 2004
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Attributable DALYs by risk factor and income group in WHO regions, estimates for 2004
7. Annex
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Countries grouped by WHO region and income per capita in 2004
References
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