Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines 1st Edition by Gupta ISBN 9788177583649 8177583649
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ISBN 10: 8177583649
ISBN 13: 9788177583649
Author: S. C. Gupta
Fluid Mechanics And Hydraulic Machines is designed for the course on fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines offered to the undergraduate students of mechanical and civil engineering. Written in a lucid style, the book lays emphasis on explaining th
Table of contents:
1. Fluid Statics
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 About the Substance
1.1.2 Fluid Mechanics
1.2 Continuum Concept
1.2.1 Introduction to Stress and Strain
1.2.2 Other Properties of Fluids
1.3 Pressure Variation and Hydrostatic Forces on Surfaces Submerged in Fluid at Rest
1.3.1 Pressure Force on a Plane Surface
1.3.2 Pressure Force on a Curved Surface
1.4 Metacentric Height
1.4.1 Determination of Metacentric Heights
1.5 Pressure Variation in Liquids Confined in Moving Container
1.5.1 Container Moving with Constant Acceleration
1.5.2 Container Subjected to a Constant Rotation
Summary
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
2. Mathematical Modelling of Flow
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Coordinate System
2.2 Formulation of the Problem
2.2.1 Types of Flow
2.2.2 Formulation Approach
2.3 Kinematics
2.3.1 Stream Function
2.3.2 Vorticity and Velocity Potential
2.3.3 Circulation
2.4 Conservation Laws
2.4.1 Conservation of Mass Continuity Equation
2.4.2 Conservation of Momentum
2.4.3 Conservation of Energy Energy Equation
2.5 Nature of the Equation and Required Boundary Conditions
Additional Problems
Summary
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
3. Ideal Fluid Flow
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Basic Flows
3.3 Superimposition of Basic Flows
3.3.1 Source-Sink Pair and Doublet
3.3.2 Flow Around Half Bodies
3.3.3 Flow Around Elliptic Bodies
3.3.4 Flow Around Cylinder
3.3.5 Flow Around Aerofoil
3.3.6 Lift on Aerofoil
3.4 Integration of Euler’s Equation-Bernoulli Equation
3.4.1 Application of Bernoulli Equation
3.5 Modified Bernoulli Equation
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
4. Flow Through Pipe and Channel
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Losses in Pipe Flow
4.2.1 Minor Losses
4.2.2 Series and Parallel Arrangement
4.3 Hydraulic Power Transmitted Through Pipe
4.4 Water Hammer
4.5 Flow in Open Channel
4.5.1 Uniform Flow
4.5.2 Gradually Varying Flow
4.5.3 Alternate Depth for Mean Depth
4.5.3 Non-uniform Flow
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
5. Laminar Flow
5.1 Introduction-Types of Solutions
5.2 Exact Solution of N-S Equation
5.2.1 Couette Flow
5.2.2 Hagen-Poiseuille Flow
5.2.3 Flow Between Rotating Cylinders
5.3 Low Reynolds Flow
5.3.1 Stokes Flow
5.3.2 Hydrodynamic Lubrication
5.4 Boundary Layer
5.4.1 Displacement, Momentum and Energy Thickness
5.4.2 Prandtl Boundary Layer Equations
5.4.3 Solution of Boundary Layer Equations
5.5 Integral Solution for Boundary Layer
5.6 Boundary Layer Separation and Control
5.7 Flow over Curved Surfaces
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
6. Turbulent Flow
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Stability of Laminar Flow
6.3 Mean Motion and Fluctuations
6.4 Governing Equations for Turbulent Flow
6.5 Turbulent Boundary Layer Equations
6.6 Velocity Scale in Turbulent Boundary Layer
6.7 Shear Stress Model
6.8 Universal Velocity Distribution Law in Ducts for Large Reynolds Numbers
6.9 Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in a Pipe for Moderate Reynolds Numbers
6.10 Isotropic and Homogeneous Turbulence
Problems for Practice
7. Compressible Flow
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Propagation of Infinitesimal Waves
7.1.2 Relation Between Stagnation and Static Properties
7.1.3 Various Regimes of Flow
7.2 Isentropic Flow Through Variable Area
7.3 Adiabatic Frictional Flow through Constant Area Duct-Fanno Flow
7.4 Isothermal Flow with Friction
7.5 Flow Through Smooth Constant Area Duct with Heat Transfer-Rayleigh Flow
7.6 Normal Shock Wave
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
8. Non-dimensional Analysis
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Units and Dimensions
8.3 Non-dimensional Groups
8.4 Non-dimensional Analysis
8.4.1 Rayleigh’s Method
8.4.2 Elimination of Fundamental Dimension One by One
8.4.3 Group Method
8.5 Similitude
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
9. Rotamachines
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Impact of Jets
9.1.2 Rotamachines
9.1.3 Similarity Relations
9.2 Pump
9.2.1 Centrifugal Pump
9.2.1 Terms Used in Centrifugal Pump
9.2.2 Effect of Vane Shape and Operating Variables
9.2.3 Cavitation, Minimum Speed of Operation and Priming in Pump
9.2.4 Performance Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump
9.3 Axial Flow Pump
9.4 Hydraulic or Water Turbine
9.4.1 Pelton Turbine
9.4.2 Francis Turbine
9.4.3 Kaplan Turbine
9.4.4 Performance Characteristic of Hydraulic Turbines
9.5 Governing of Turbines
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
10. Other Hydraulic Systems
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Reciprocating Pump
10.2.1 Inertia Effect on Pressure Head
10.2.2 Effects of Friction and Inertia on Pressure Head
10.2.3 Reduction of Discharge Fluctuation and Acceleration Head
10.3 Pressure Intensifier
10.4 Accumulator
10.5 Hydraulic Crane
10.6 Hydraulic Lift
10.7 Hydraulic Press
10.8 Hydraulic Coupling
10.9 Hydraulic Ram
10.10 Hydraulic Controls
10.10.1 Hydraulic Pump and Motor
10.10.2 Hydraulic Cylinders and Motors
10.10.3 Control Valves
10.10.4 Proportional Valves
10.10.5 Hydraulic Circuits Design and Analysis
Review Questions
Problems for Practice
11. Experimental Methods
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Measurement Techniques
11.3 Design of Experimental Set-up
11.3.1 Performance of Centrifugal Pump
11.3.2 Performance of Centrifugal Compressor
11.3.3 Flow Measurement in Pipe and Open Channels
Review Problems
Appendix A: Review of Mathematical Concepts
Al Vector Algebra, Calculus and Integrals
A1.1 Vector Algebra
A1.2 Vector Calculus
A1.3 Vector Integrals
A2 Orthogonal Coordinate Systems
A3 Tensor Notation
A4 Integration of Euler Equation
A5 Conformal Mapping
Appendix B: Properties of Standard Atmosphere
Appendix C: Derivation of Von Karman Integral Equation
Appendix D: Fluid Power Symbols
Appendix E: Some Important Relations at a Glance
Bibliography
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