Expanding Opportunities and Building Competencies for Young People A New Agenda for Secondary Education 1st Edition by World Bank ISBN 978-0821361702 0821361708
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Product details:
ISBN 10: 0821361708
ISBN 13: 978-0821361702
Author: World Bank
In a global development community where gains and successes are always hard-won, providing youngsters with a dynamic education that takes them from primary through secondary to tertiary education and beyond and that helps spur economic growth is surely one of the best investments a country can make, especially when it applies equally to girls and boys. The challenges facing developing countries and transition economies are twofold: to increase access to secondary schooling for all young people and, at the same time, to improve the quality and relevance of secondary education. These challenges must be met in the complicating but also potentially enabling environment of globalization and the technology-based knowledge society. Secondary education is the highway between primary schooling, tertiary education, and the labor market. Its ability to connect the different destinations and to take young people where they want to go in life is crucial. This highway can constrict the expansion of educational attainment and opportunity, or it can open up pathways for students’ advancement. ‘Expanding Opportunities and Building Competencies for Young People’ explores the key issues facing secondary education in the 21st century. Based on surveys of education specialists around the world, the ‘tried and true’ elements of the policy framework presented here will assist decisionmakers in developing countries and transition economies as they make plans to expand, reform, and transform their secondary education systems.
Table of contents:
1. Secondary Education: From Weakest Link to Cornerstone
Historical Background
The U.S. Template for Expansion of Secondary
Education
European Patterns of Expansion of Secondary Education
Asian Patterns of Expansion of Secondary Education
Definition and Organizational Structures of Secondary
Education
Differential Traits of Secondary Education
Duration of Study
School-to-Work Transition
The Policy Paradox of Secondary Education
Conclusion
Notes
2. The Importance of Investing in Secondary Education
Direct Benefits and Externalities
Contribution to Growth and Poverty Reduction
Contribution to Improvements in Health, Gender Equality, and Living Conditions
Contribution to Realization of Democracy
Contribution to Primary and Tertiary Education
The Soaring Demand for Quality Secondary Education
Demand for More Educated Workers
Demand for Enhanced Relevance and Quality
Effects and Side Effects of the Expansion of
Secondary Education
Conclusion
Notes
3. The Twin Challenges in Secondary Education:
Expanding Access and Improving Quality and Relevance
From Elitism to Inclusiveness: Expanding Access to
Secondary Education
Equity Considerations
Regional and Country Disparities
Demand-Side Interventions
Low Retention and Completion in Secondary Education
Incorporating Adults into the Secondary Education System
Secondary Education Attainment
Low Quality and Relevance
Conclusion
Note
4. Similar Challenges, Differing Realities
A Framework for Grouping Countries
Application of Porter’s Model to Secondary Education
Conclusion
Notes
5. Responding to the Twin Challenges: Curriculum and Assessment
Curricula-Intended and Implemented
The Unbearable Irrelevance of the Secondary School Curriculum
Building Metacognitive Capital and Creative Capital
Building Social Capital, Preventing Social Conflict, and Learning to Live Together
The Shifting and Fading Frontier between the General and Vocational Curricula
Dialectics of General and Vocational Secondary Education
The Rise and Fall of Curriculum Knowledge Areas:
The Politics of Knowledge and Its Market Value
Summary: Trends in Secondary Education Curriculum Reform
Measuring What Students Learn and Master
National Examinations: The Way Into and the Way Out of Secondary Education
High Stakes and the Signaling and Screening Functions of Examinations
The New Wave of International Comparative Studies of Student Achievement
National Assessments of Student Achievement
Summary: Assess Locally, Examine Nationally, and Compare Globally
Note
6. Responding to the Twin Challenges: Teachers, Teaching, and Technology
Secondary School Teachers: Shortages, Professional Identity, and Training Issues
To What Extent Is Investment in Preservice Teacher Training for Secondary Education Worthwhile?
Matching Teaching Skills with Required Key Competencies for Secondary School Graduates
Teaching and Learning with Technology
Use of ICT for Distance Education to Expand the Venues for Learning
Use of Computers and the Internet to Improve the Quality and Relevance of Education
Potential and Promise
Challenges and Risks
Conclusion: Options for Change
Notes
7. Financing Secondary Education
Fiscal Magnitude of Trends in the Expansion of Secondary Education
Approaches to Improving the Financing of Secondary Education
Simple Benchmarks for Determining the Adequacy of Investment in Secondary Education
Private or Community Funding Options
Fees or Cost Recovery
Formula Funding
Conclusion
Notes
8. Governance in Secondary Education: Managing Expansion and Quality Improvement
Steering Secondary Education
Center-Locality Relationships
Regulations Affecting Access and Parental Decisions
Managing the Political-Professional and Central-Local Tensions
The Organizational Challenges of Managing
Secondary Schools
Traditional Organizing Principles of Secondary Schools
Key Factors in Secondary School Effectiveness
The Evolving Role of Principals
Involving Parents and Communities
Conclusion
Notes
Is It Just More of the Same? The Case for Transforming Secondary Education Policy and Practice
Trade-Offs in Secondary Education Policy:
The Old and the New
The Political Dimension of Change in Secondary Education
Note
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