Ethics and the Practice of Forensic Science International Forensic Science and Investigation 1st Edition by Robin Bowen ISBN 1420088939 978-1420088939
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ISBN 10: 1420088939
ISBN 13: 978-1420088939
Author: Robin T. Bowen
While we would like to believe that forensic science professionals are intrinsically ethical by nature, the reality is that these individuals have moral compasses as varied as those of any individual you may know. They confront ethical dilemmas every day, some with clear-cut protocols and others that frequently have no definitive answers. Ethics and the Practice of Forensic Science explores the range of ethical issues facing those who work in the field and highlights the complicated nature of ethical decision-making in this complex arena.
Ethics in the courtroom and the lab
Written by one of the leading researchers in forensic ethics, the book provides data-driven examples of the behaviors – both good and bad – that shape the forensic profession. It provides real examples of ethical behavior combined with research to demonstrate how ethics works (and sometimes does not) in this richly interesting scientific field. The book begins by exploring philosophical approaches related to ethical decision-making. It examines the ethics of the criminal justice culture, ethical issues in the courtroom, and ethics in science and research. Next, the book shifts to a discussion of unethical behavior, and provides actual case studies spotlighting ethical breaches, including the O.J. Simpson case and other reported examples.
Ethics codes in various organizations
The book concludes with a discussion of the code of ethics. Appendices discuss research data on ethics in forensic science and provide ethics codes from various forensic science organizations. Offering a lively source of debate for professionals and academics, this volume provides a window on a topic that is frequently fraught with uncertainty.
Robin T. Bowen was interviewed recently for Anil Aggrawal’s Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology.
Table of contents:
1 What Is Ethics?
Introduction
Ethical Theories
The Study of Ethics
Utilitarianism: The Greater Good
Deontological Ethics: Obligation and Intention
Comparing Approaches for Forensic Science
Ethical Decision Making
Framework for Ethical Decisions
Rule 1: Inherent Good Surpasses Noninherent Good
Rule 2: Noninherent Evil Surpasses Inherent Evil
Rule 3: When Selecting between Levels of Good or Evil, Select the Highest Good or the Lowest Evil
Result of Decisions
2 The Ethics of the Criminal Justice Culture
Introduction
Recruitment
Culture
Ethics of Criminal Justice
Ethics Training
Unethical Behavior
Sources of Pressure for the Forensic Scientist
3 Ethics in the Courtroom: The Scientist’s Perspective
Introduction
Role of Attorneys
Attorney-Expert Relationship
Misconduct
Examples of Misconduct
Duke Lacrosse Case, 2006
Federal Prosecutors, 2007
4 Research Ethics in Science
Introduction
Science, Technology, and Society
Research and Publication
Ethics in Science and Research
Misconduct
5 Ethics in Forensic Science
Introduction
Crime Scene
Laboratory
Role of the Scientific Expert Witness
Qualification
Admissibility of Scientific Evidence
The Frye Case
The Daubert Case
Parameters
Misconduct
6 Unethical Behavior: The Fork in the Road
Introduction
Unethical Behavior
Motivation
Justification
Consequences
Whistle-Blowing
7 Good Examples of Bad Behavior
O.J. Simpson Case
Case Studies
False Credentials (Associated Press, 2007a)
Misleading Degree (Moran, 2006)
Pros
Cons
Abuse of Power (North, 2001)
Supporting a Habit (Huicochea, 2008)
“Errors” (Armstrong, 2007)
Prosecutor Pressure (Moxley, 2008)
Detroit (Clickondetroit.com, 2008)
Procedure (Johnson, 2008)
Fingerprints (Associated Press, 2008)
Personal Gain (Bone, 2007)
Research (Associated Press, 2006)
So What Happened?
What Was the Scientists’ Defense?
On the Other Hand…
FBI Whistle-Blower
Notorious Examples Every Forensic Scientist Should Know
Fred Zain
Michael West
Kathleen Lundy
Allison Lancaster
David Peterson
Joyce Gilcrist
Houston Police Department Crime Laboratory
8 Codes of Ethics
Introduction
National Forensic Center
Developing Codes of Ethics
Purpose
Council of Scientific Society Presidents Study of Codes of
Ethics
Familiarity with Codes of Ethics
The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS)
Article II. Code of Ethics and Conduct
The American Board of Criminalistics (ABC)
Rules of Professional Conduct
American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors
The International Association for Identification (IAI)
9 An Ethical Approach to Forensic Professionalism
Introduction
Education
Competence
Professions and Professionalism
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