Elemental Speciation Human Risk Environmental Health Criteria Series No 234 Environmental Health Criteria Series 1st Edition by Ipcs ISBN 9241572345 978-9241572347
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Product details:
ISBN 10: 9241572345
ISBN 13: 978-9241572347
Author: Ipcs
Table of contents:
1. SUMMARY
1.1 Scope and purpose of the document
1.2 Definitions
1.3 Structural aspects of speciation
1.4 Analytical techniques and methodology
1.5 Bioaccessibility and bioavailability
1.6 Toxicokinetics and biomonitoring
1.6.1 Toxicokinetics
1.6.2 Biomonitoring
1.7 Molecular and cellular mechanisms of metal toxicity
1.8 Health effects
2. DEFINITIONS OF SPECIES AND SPECIATION
3. STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF SPECIATION
3.1 Isotopic composition
3.2 Electronic and oxidation states
3.3 Inorganic and organic compounds and complexes
3.4 Organometallic species
3.5 Macromolecular compounds and complexes
4. ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sample collection and storage
4.3 Sample preparation
4.3.1 Preliminary treatment of biological fluids
4.3.2 Preliminary treatment of tissues and plants
4.3.3 Choice between low molecular mass and high molecular mass compounds
4.3.4 Desalting
4.3.5 Sample cleanup
4.3.6 Extraction procedures
4.3.7 Preconcentration of the species
4.3.8 Derivatization
4.4 Separation techniques
4.4.1 Liquid chromatography
4.4.2 Gas chromatography
4.4.3 Capillary electrophoresis
4.4.4 Gel electrophoresis
4.5 Sequential extraction schemes for the fractionation of sediments, soils, aerosols, and fly ash
4.6 Detection: elemental and molecular
4.6.1 Atomic absorption spectrometry
4.6.2 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry
4.6.3 Atomic emission spectrometry
4.6.4 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
4.6.5 Plasma source time-of-flight mass spectrometry
4.6.6 Glow discharge plasmas as tunable sources for elemental speciation
4.6.7 Electrospray mass spectrometry
4.6.8 Electrochemical methods
4.7 Calibration in elemental speciation analysis
4.8 Reference materials
4. Direct speciation analysis of elements and particles
4.10 State of the art
5. BIOACCESSIBILITY AND BIOAVAILABILITY
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Bioaccessibility of elements in soils and sediments
5.2.1 Factors affecting the mobility and accessibility of elements in terrestrial (soil) environments
5.2.2 Factors affecting the mobility and accessibility of elements in sediment
environments
5.3 Determinants of bioavailability
5.3.1 Uptake by carriers
5.3.2 Uptake and physical form
5.3.3 Uptake and complexation
5.3.4 Selective uptake according to charge and size
5.3.5 Selective uptake according to binding affinity for different cationic centres
5.3.6 Selective uptake involving kinetic binding traps, with or without accompanying redox reactions
5.3.7 Uptake of organometallic compounds
5.3.8 Exposure concentration and uptake
5.3.9 Competition in the uptake and toxicity of non-nutrient elements
5.4 Incorporation of bioaccessibility and bioavailability considerations in risk assessment
5.4.1 Bioaccessibility and bioavailability in current approaches to environmental and human risk assessment
5.4.2 The biotic ligand model
6. TOXICOKINETICS AND BIOLOGICAL MONITORING
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Absorption
6.2.1 Chromium
6.2.2 Manganese
6.2.3 Iron
6.2.4 Cobalt
6.2.5 Nickel
6.2.6 Copper
6.2.7 Arsenic
6.2.8 Selenium
6.2.9 Cadmium
6.2.10 Mercury
6.2.11 Lead
6.3 Disposition, excretion, and protein binding
6.3.1 Chromium
6.3.2 Manganese
6.3.3 Copper
6.3.4 Zinc
6.3.5 Arsenic
6.3.6 Selenium
6.3.7 Silver
6.3.8 Cadmium
6.3.9 Mercury
6.3.10 Lead
6.4 Biotransformation
6.4.1 Chromium
6.4.2 Manganese
6.4.3 Arsenic
6.4.4 Selenium
6.4.5 Mercury
6.5 Exposure assessment and biological monitoring
6.5.1 Exposure assessment
6.5.2 Speciation in biological monitoring
7″. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS OF METAL TOXICITY
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Mechanisms of DNA damage and repair
7.3 Metal-protein interactions
7.4 Generation of reactive oxygen species
7.5 Effects on the immune system
7.5.1 Mechanisms of sensitization
7.5.2 Immunosuppression
8. HEALTH EFFECTS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Acute toxicity
8.2.1 Chromium
8.2.2 Nickel
8.2.3 Arsenic
8.2.4 Tin
8.2.5 Barium
8.2.6 Mercury
8.2.7 Lead
8.3 Sensitization and irritation
8.3.1 Chromium
8.3.2 Nickel
8.3.3 Palladium
8.3.4 Platinum
8.4 Lung toxicity
8.4.1 Cobalt
8.5 Neurotoxicity
8.5.1 Manganese
8.5.2 Tin
8.5.3 Mercury
8.5.4 Thallium
8.5.5 Lead
8.6 Nephrotoxicity
8.6.1 Cadmium
8.7 Reproductive toxicity
8.7.1 Nickel
8.7.2 Mercury
8.8 Genotoxicity
8.8.1 Chromium
8.8.2 Cobalt
8.9 Carcinogenicity
8.9.1 Chromium
8.9.2 Cobalt
8.9.3 Nickel
8.9.4 Arsenic
9. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Tags: Ipcs, Elemental Speciation, Risk Environmental Health, Series No 234