Diffraction Grating Handbook 5th Edition by Palmer ISBN 9780824799236 0824799232
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ISBN 10: 0824799232
ISBN 13: 9780824799236
Author: Palmer С.
The Diffraction Grating Handbook, 5th Edition, edited by Christopher Palmer (Thermo RGL, 2002), is a well-regarded technical reference on diffraction gratings, spanning roughly 196 pages
Table of contents:
1. Spectroscopy and Gratings
1.0 Introduction
1.1 The Diffraction Grating
1.2 A Brief History of Grating Development
1.3 History of the Newport Gratings Operation
1.4 Diffraction Gratings from Newport
2. The Physics of Diffraction Gratings
2.1 The Grating Equation
2.2 Diffraction Orders
2.2.1 Existence of Diffraction Orders
2.2.2 Overlapping of Diffracted Spectra
2.3 Dispersion
2.3.1 Angular Dispersion
2.3.2 Linear Dispersion
2.4 Resolving Power, Spectral Resolution, and Bandpass
2.4.1 Resolving Power
2.4.2 Spectral Resolution
2.4.3 Bandpass
2.4.4 Resolving Power vs. Resolution
2.5 Focal Length and ƒ/Number
2.6 Anamorphic Magnification
2.7 Free Spectral Range
2.8 Energy Distribution (Grating Efficiency)
2.9 Scattered and Stray Light
2.10 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
3. Ruled Gratings
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Ruling Engines
3.1.1 The Michelson Engine
3.1.2 The Mann Engine
3.1.3 The MIT ‘B’ Engine
3.2 The Ruling Process
3.3 Varied Line-Space (VLS) Gratings
4. Holographic Gratings
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Principle of Manufacture
4.1.1 Formation of an Interference Pattern
4.1.2 Formation of the Grooves
4.2 Classification of Holographic Gratings
4.2.1 Single-Beam Interference
4.2.2 Double-Beam Interference
4.3 The Recording Process
4.4 Differences Between Ruled and Holographic Gratings
4.4.1 Differences in Grating Efficiency
4.4.2 Differences in Scattered Light
4.4.3 Differences and Limitations in the Groove Profile
4.4.4 Limitations in Obtainable Groove Frequencies
4.4.5 Differences in the Groove Patterns
4.4.6 Differences in the Substrate Shapes
4.4.7 Differences in the Size of the Master Substrate
4.4.8 Differences in Generation Time for Master Gratings
5. Replicated Gratings
5.0 Introduction
5.1 The Replication Process
5.2 Replica Gratings vs. Master Gratings
5.3 Stability of Replicated Gratings
6. Plane Gratings and Their Mounts
6.1 Grating Mount Terminology
6.2 Plane Grating Monochromator Mounts
6.2.1 The Czerny–Turner Monochromator
6.2.2 The Ebert–Fastie Monochromator
6.2.3 The Monk–Gillieson Monochromator
6.2.4 The Littrow Monochromator
6.2.5 Double and Triple Monochromators
6.2.6 The Constant-Scan Monochromator
6.3 Plane Grating Spectrograph Mounts
7. Concave Gratings and Their Mounts
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Classification of Grating Types
7.1.1 Groove Patterns
7.1.2 Substrate (Blank) Shapes
7.2 Classical Concave Grating Imaging
7.3 Nonclassical Concave Grating Imaging
7.4 Reduction of Aberrations
7.5 Concave Grating Mounts
7.5.1 The Rowland Circle Spectrograph
7.5.2 The Wadsworth Spectrograph
7.5.3 Flat-Field Spectrographs
7.5.4 Imaging Spectrographs and Monochromators
7.5.5 Constant-Deviation Monochromators
8. Imaging Properties of Grating Systems
8.1 Characterization of Imaging Quality
8.1.1 Geometric Raytracing and Spot Diagrams
8.1.2 Linespread Calculations
8.2 Instrumental Imaging
8.2.1 Magnification of the Entrance Aperture
8.2.2 Effects of the Entrance Aperture Dimensions
8.2.3 Effects of the Exit Aperture Dimensions
8.3 Instrumental Bandpass
9. Efficiency Characteristics of Diffraction Gratings
9.0 Introduction
9.1 Grating Efficiency and Groove Shape
9.2 Efficiency Characteristics for Triangular-Groove Gratings
9.3 Efficiency Characteristics for Sinusoidal-Groove Gratings
9.4 The Effects of Finite Conductivity
9.5 Distribution of Energy by Diffraction Order
9.6 Useful Wavelength Range
9.7 Blazing of Ruled Transmission Gratings
9.8 Blazing of Holographic Reflection Gratings
9.9 Overcoating of Reflection Gratings
9.11 The Reciprocity Theorem
9.12 Conservation of Energy
9.13 Grating Anomalies
9.13.1 Rayleigh Anomalies
9.13.2 Resonance Anomalies
9.14 Grating Efficiency Calculations
10. Stray Light Characteristics of Gratings and Grating Systems
10.0 Introduction
10.1 Grating Scatter
10.1.1 Surface Irregularities in the Grating Coating
10.1.2 Dust, Scratches, and Pinholes on the Surface of the Grating
10.1.3 Irregularities in the Position of the Grooves
10.1.4 Irregularities in the Depth of the Grooves
10.1.5 Spurious Fringe Patterns Due to the Recording System
10.1.6 The Perfect Grating
10.2 Instrumental Stray Light
10.2.1 Grating Scatter
10.2.2 Other Diffraction Orders from the Grating
10.2.3 Overfilling Optical Surfaces
10.2.4 Direct Reflections from Other Surfaces
10.2.5 Optical Effects Due to the Sample or Sample Cell
10.2.6 Thermal Emission
10.3 Analysis of Optical Ray Paths in a Grating-Based Instrument
10.4 Design Considerations for Reducing Stray Light
11. Testing and Characterizing Diffraction Gratings
11.1 The Measurement of Spectral Defects
11.1.1 Rowland Ghosts
11.1.2 Lyman Ghosts
11.1.3 Satellites
11.2 The Measurement of Grating Efficiency
11.3 The Measurement of Diffracted Wavefront Quality
11.3.1 The Foucault Knife-Edge Test
11.3.2 Direct Wavefront Testing
11.4 The Measurement of Resolving Power
11.5 The Measurement of Scattered Light
11.6 The Measurement of Instrumental Stray Light
11.6.1 The Use of Cut-off Filters
11.6.2 The Use of Monochromatic Light
11.6.3 Signal-to-Noise and Errors in Absorbance Readings
12. Selection of Dispersing Systems
12.1 Reflection Grating Systems
12.1.1 Plane Reflection Grating Systems
12.1.2 Concave Reflection Grating Systems
12.2 Transmission Grating Systems
12.3 Grating Prisms (Grisms)
12.4 Grazing Incidence Systems
12.5 Scales
13. Applications of Diffraction Gratings
13.1 Gratings for Instrumental Analysis
13.1.1 Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy
13.1.2 Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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