Current Controversies in the Biological Sciences Case Studies of Policy Challenges from New Technologies Basic Bioethics 1st Edition by Karen Greif, Jon F Merz ISBN 978-0262572392 0262572392

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Product details: 

ISBN 10:   0262572392

ISBN 13: 978-0262572392

Author: Karen F. Greif, Jon F Merz

In recent years, advances in biological science and technology have outpaced policymakers’ attempts to deal with them. Current Controversies in the Biological Sciences examines the ways in which the federal government uses scientific information in reaching policy decisions, providing case studies of the interactions between science and government on different biomedical, biological, and environmental issues. These case studies document a broad range of complex issues in science policy–from the Human Genome Project to tobacco regulation–and provide an accessible overview of both the science behind the issues and the policy-making process. The cases illustrate the different ways in which science and politics intersect in policy decisions, as well as the different forms policy itself may take–including not only regulatory action but the lack of regulation. Among the topics examined are public and private research funding, as seen in gene patenting; reluctance to regulate even when a product has been proven unhealthy, as in the case of tobacco; a comparison of U.S. and international policy responses to genetically modified organisms; and the competing interests at play in air pollution policy. Each chapter includes shorter side essays on related topics (for example, essays on issues raised by the SARS epidemic accompany the detailed case study of the public health response to the anthrax-laced mail received in the weeks after 9/11). This clear and readable introduction to controversial issues in the biological sciences will be a valuable resource for students of science policy and bioethics and for professionals in industry, government, and nongovernmental organizations who need background on emerging issues in the biological sciences.

Table of contents: 

1. An Uneasy Balance: Science Advising and the Politicization of Science

2. Big Science: The Human Genome Project and the Public Funding of Science

   • Funding Biomedical Research: Peer Review versus Pork Barrel

   • Choosing Research Directions: Advocacy, the “Disease-of-the-Month,” and Congressional Oversight

3. Who Owns the Genome? The Patenting of Human Genes

   • Who Owns Life? Mr. Moore’s Spleen

   • The Canavan Disease Patent Case

4. Manufacturing Children: Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Self-Regulation by Scientists and Clinicians

   • Brave New World Revisited: Human Cloning and Stem Cells

   • The Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA: A Model for Self-Regulation?

5. Protecting the Public: The FDA and New AIDS Drugs

   • Seminal Events: The Evolution of Regulations for Research

   • Placebo Controls in Clinical Research

6. Cosmetic Science: Breast Implants and the Courts

   • Setting Limits on Expert Testimony: Bendectin and Birth Defects

   • DNA Forensics in Criminal Trials: How New Science Becomes Admissible

7. Selling Science: New Cancer Treatments and the Media

   • Responsible Journalism: Are There Health Risks from Electromagnetic Fields?

8. Concealing Evidence: Science, Big Business, and the Tobacco Industry

   • The Academic-Industrial Complex and Conflict of Interest

   • The Darker Side of Science: Scientific Misconduct

9. Science in the National Interest: Bioterrorism and Civil Liberties

   • Emerging Diseases: SARS and Government Responses

   • Limiting Research in an Age of Bioterrorism

10. Science Misunderstood: Genetically Modified Organisms and International Trade

• Mad Cow Disease, International Trade, and the Loss of Public Trust

11. Dangers in the Environment: Air Pollution Policy

• Environmental Poisoning: Mitigating Lead Exposure

• Can We Ever Be Safe? Risk and Risk Assessment

12. Who Lives and Who Dies? Organ Transplantation

• Animals as Organ Factories: Xenotransplantation

• Is There a Right to Die?

13. Concluding Remarks: The Challenges of Science Policy

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Tags: Karen Greif, Jon F Merz, Current Controversies, Biological Sciences, Policy Challenges