Conservation Science Heritage Materials 1st Edition by Eric May, Mark Jones ISBN 0854046593 978-0854046591

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 0854046593 

ISBN 13: 978-0854046591

Author:  Eric May, Mark Jones

Conservation of artefacts and heritage materials is an increasingly popular and fascinating area, spanning both historical and scientific disciplines. Materials come in many forms ranging from sunken ships to tapestries, from buildings to books. With this wide range of matrices and materials to analyse and preserve, an interdisciplinary approach is needed drawing upon skills from many areas of knowledge. Conservation Science: Heritage Materials links these fields of research together forming a comprehensive text book that discusses analytical aspects, wall paintings, organic and inorganic materials. It provides up to date information on subjects including research on decay and degradation and an understanding of the deterioration mechanisms of historic and artistic works. Also included are a number of case studies of particularly important finds including the upkeep of the Mary Rose and the preservation of the sail on Nelsons ship HMS Victory. This book provides an essential guide and reference source for those working in all areas of heritage conservation.

Table of contents: 

Chapter 1 Introduction
Margaret Rule

Cultural Heritage: The Archaeologist, the Conservator and the Public – An Essential Coalition
1.1 The Archaeologist
1.2 The Conservator

From Discovery to Display
2.1 Special Problems of Underwater Recovery
2.2 The Raising of the Mary Rose: A Case Study
2.3 Preservation of the Evidence:
A Multi-discipline Task

Conservation with a Purpose

Museums: The Past into the Future
References and Further Reading

Chapter 2 Methods in Conservation
A. Elena Charola and Robert J. Koestler

Introduction

Preliminary Examination

Analytical Methods
3.1 Interaction of Radiation with Matter
3.2 Interaction of Elemental Particles with Matter
3.3 Dating Methods

Diagnosis of Deterioration Processes

Conservation Treatments
5.1 Cleaning
5.2 Desalination
5.3 Consolidation
5.4 Disinfestation

Preventive Conservation

Chapter 3 Paper
Vincent Daniels

The Constituents of Paper
1.1 Fibres
1.2 Paper Size

The Directional Properties of Paper

How Paper Interacts with Water

Deterioration of Paper
4.1 Acid-Catalysed Hydrolysis of Cellulose
4.2 Oxidation of Cellulose

Deacidification

Bleaching and Washing of Paper to Remove Discolouration

Foxing

Accelerated Ageing Tests

Safe Environments for Paper

Methods for Monitoring the Deterioration of Paper
10.1 Physical Measurements
10.2 Chemical Methods

Characterisation of Paper

Conclusions

References and Further Reading

Chapter 4 Textiles
Paul Garside and Paul Wyeth

The Variety of Textiles

Textile Materials

Case Study 1: Linen Fibres and the Victory Sail
3.1 The Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Linen
3.2 The Mechanical Performance of the Victory Sail
3.3 Degradation of Cellulosic Fibres
3.4 Acidity Measurements on the Victory Sail
3.5 Conservation and Display of the Victory Fore Topsail

Case Study 2: Silk Fibres and the Shackleton Ensign
4.1 The Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Silk

4.2 Silk Processing for Use as a Textile Fibre
4.3 The Condition of the Shackleton Ensign
4.4 Assessing the Condition of Silk by Microanalytical Techniques
4.5 Degradation of Silk Fibres
4.6 Conservation Treatment of the Shackleton Ensign

Case Study 3: Wool Fibres and the Tree of Jesse Tapestry
5.1 The Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Wool
5.2 Wool as a Textile Fibre
5.3 Degradation of Wool
5.4 Assessing the Condition of Wool by Microanalytical Techniques
5.5 Conservation and Treatment of the Tree of Jesse Tapestry

Conclusions

Acknowledgements
References and Further Reading

Chapter 5 Leather
Roy Thomson

Introduction

The Nature and Properties of Leather
2.1 Criteria which Define Tannage
2.2 Collagen
2.3 Tanning Materials

The Manufacture of Leather
3.1 Vegetable Tanning Processes
3.2 Alum Tawing
3.3 Oil Tannage
3.4 Fur Dressing

The Deterioration of Leather
4.1 Physical Deterioration
4.2 Biological Deterioration
4.3 Chemical Deterioration

Conservation Techniques
5.1 Biological Deterioration
5.2 Chemical Deterioration

Conclusions

Chapter 6 Metals
Desmond Barker

Introduction
1.1 Extraction
1.2 Metallurgy

Corrosion

Field Treatment and Transportation

Conservation
4.1 Acid Pickling
4.2 Aqueous Washing
4.3 Electrolytic Conservation
4.4 Hydrogen Reduction

Stabilisation and Consolidation

Conclusions

References and Further Reading

Chapter 7 Glass and Ceramics
Hannelore Römich

Introduction

Deterioration and Conservation of Glass
2.1 History of Glassmaking
2.2 Chemical Composition, Structure, and Physical Properties
2.3 Degradation Mechanisms: Basic Reactions in Water
2.4 Degradation of Objects Indoors
2.5 Weathering of Stained Glass Windows
2.6 Degradation of Archaeological Glasses
2.7 Conservation Materials: Coatings, Consolidants, Adhesives
2.8 Restoration and Cleaning
2.9 Conditions for Storage and Display

Deterioration and Conservation of Ceramics
3.1 History and Technology
3.2 Raw Materials
3.3 Firing Process
3.4 Colouration and Glazes
3.5 Dating and Provenance
3.6 Deterioration
3.7 Restoration and Conservation

Conclusions

Chapter 8 Plastics
Yvonne Shashoua

Plastics in Heritage Collections

The Chemistry and Physics of Plastics
2.1 Preparation of Polymers
2.2 Additives
2.3 Shaping Plastics

Identification of Plastics
3.1 Simple Tests
3.2 Analytical Techniques

Degradation of Plastics
4.1 Degradation of Cellulose Nitrate
4.2 Degradation of Cellulose Acetate
4.3 Degradation of Plasticised PVC
4.4 Degradation of Polyurethane Foam

Conservation of Plastics
5.1 Conservation of Cellulose Nitrate
5.2 Conservation of Cellulose Acetate
5.3 Conservation of Plasticised PVC
5.4 Conservation of Polyurethane Foam

Conclusions

References and Further Reading

Chapter 9 Stone
Robert Inkpen and Eric May

Introduction

The Degradation ‘Equation’
2.1 Material
2.2 Process
2.3 Environment
2.4 Limestone Weathering in an Urban Environment: Illustration of the Interaction of the Three Factors

Microorganisms and Stone Decay
3.1 Light-dependent Microbial Growths
3.2 Organics-dependent Microbial Growths
3.3 Inorganics-dependent Microbial Growths
3.4 Stone Colonisation and Biofilms
3.5 Interactions of Microbes with Stone Salts

Conservation Practices
4.1 Identification
4.2 Prevention

Chapter 10 Wall Paintings: Aspects of Deterioration and Restoration
Karin Petersen

Introduction

Wall Paintings as an Integral Part of Buildings

Damaging Processes
3.1 Deterioration by Soluble Salts
3.2 Deterioration by Microorganisms

Cleaning and Consolidation
4.1 Consolidation
4.2 Cleaning Methodologies

Conclusions

References and Further Reading

Chapter 11 Conservation of Ancient Timbers from the Sea
Mark Jones and Rod Eaton

Introduction

The Biodeteriogens
2.1 Marine Wood-Boring Animals
2.2 Lignolytic Marine Microorganisms
2.3 Erosion Bacteria
2.4 Tunnelling Bacteria
2.5 Cavitation Bacteria
2.6 Bacterial Symbionts of Shipworm
2.7 Soft Rot Fungi
2.8 Basidiomycete Fungi
2.9 Insect Borers

Wood Structure
3.1 Archaeological Wood Recovered from the Marine Environment
3.2 Properties and Condition of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood
3.3 Storage of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

Chapter 12 In-situ Preservation of Waterlogged Archaeological Sites
David Gregory and Henning Matthiesen

Introduction

Environmental Monitoring
2.1 Water Level
2.2 Pore Water Composition
2.3 Redox Potential (Eh)
2.4 pH

Deterioration of Modern Materials Analogous to Artefacts

What does Environmental Monitoring Alone Tell us?
4.1 Case Study: In-situ Preservation of the Site of Nydam
4.2 Deterioration and Protection of Wooden Artefacts
4.3 Deterioration of Iron Artefacts

Conclusions

References and Further Reading

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Eric May,Mark Jones,Conservation Science,Heritage Materials