Codes and ciphers Julius Caesar the Enigma and the internet 1st Edition by Churchhouse ISBN 0521008905 978-0521008907

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 0521008905

ISBN 13:  978-0521008907

Author:  R. F. Churchhouse 

The design of code and cipher systems has undergone major changes in modern times. Powerful personal computers have resulted in an explosion of e-banking, e-commerce and e-mail, and as a consequence the encryption of communications to ensure security has become a matter of public interest and importance. This book describes and analyzes many cipher systems ranging from the earliest and elementary to the most recent and sophisticated, such as RSA and DES, as well as wartime machines such as the ENIGMA and Hagelin, and ciphers used by spies. Security issues and possible methods of attack are discussed and illustrated by examples. The design of many systems involves advanced mathematical concepts and this is explained in detail in a major appendix. This book will appeal to anyone interested in codes and ciphers as used by private individuals, spies, governments and industry throughout history and right up to the present day.

Table of contents: 

1 Cover
2 Half-title
3 Title
4 Copyright
5 Contents
6 Preface
7 Some Aspects of Secure Communication
8 Julius Caesar’s Cipher
9 Some Basic Definitions
10 Three Stages to Decryption: Identification, Breaking, and Setting
11 Codes and Ciphers
12 Assessing the Strength of a Cipher System
13 Error Detecting and Correcting Codes
14 Other Methods of Concealing Messages
15 Modular Arithmetic
16 Gender
17 End Matter
18 Julius Caesar Ciphers and Their Solution
19 Simple Substitution Ciphers
20 How to Solve a Simple Substitution Cipher
21 Letter Frequencies in Languages Other Than English
22 How Many Letters Are Needed to Solve a Simple Substitution Cipher?
23 Strengthening Julius Caesar: Vigenère Ciphers
24 How to Solve a Vigenère Cipher
25 Indicators
26 Recognising ‘Depths’
27 Jefferson’s Cylinder
28 Simple Transposition
29 Double Transposition
30 Regular Transposition Boxes
31 Irregular Transposition Boxes
32 Assessment of the Security of Transposition Ciphers
33 Double Encipherment in General
34 Monograph to Digraph
35 MDTM Ciphers
36 Digraph to Digraph
37 Playfair Encipherment
38 Playfair Decipherment
39 Double Playfair
40 Characteristics of Codes
41 One-Part and Two-Part Codes
42 Code Plus Additive
43 Ciphers for Spies
44 Stencil Ciphers
45 Using a Book Cipher
46 Solving a Book Cipher
47 Disastrous Errors in Using a Book Cipher
48 ‘GARBO’s Ciphers
49 GARBO’S Second Cipher
50 One-Time Pad
51 Random Sequences
52 Coin Spinning
53 Throwing Dice
54 Amplifier Noise
55 Pseudo-Random Sequences
56 Linear Recurrences
57 Using a Binary Stream of Key for Encipherment
58 Binary Linear Sequences as Key Generators
59 Improving the Security of Binary Keys
60 The Mid-Square Method
61 Linear Congruential Generators
62 Historical Background
63 The Original Enigma
64 Encipherment Using Wired Wheels
65 Encipherment by the Enigma
66 The Achilles Heel of the Enigma
67 The Indicator ‘Chains’ in the Enigma
68 Identifying R1 and Its Setting
69 The Abwehr Enigma
70 Structure of the Hagelin Machine
71 Encipherment on the Hagelin
72 Choosing the Cage for the Hagelin
73 The Theoretical ‘Work Factor’ for the Hagelin
74 Solving the Hagelin from a Stretch of Key
75 The Slide
76 Overlapping
77 Solving the Hagelin from Cipher Texts Only
78 The SZ42: A Pre-Electronic Machine
79 Encipherment on the SZ42
80 Breaking and Setting the SZ42
81 Modifications to the SZ42
82 Protection of Programs and Data
83 Encipherment of Programs, Data, and Messages
84 The Diffie–Hellman Key Exchange System
85 Strength of the Diffie–Hellman System
86 Generalisation of Simple Substitution
87 Factorisation of Large Integers
88 The Standard Method of Factorisation
89 Fermat’s ‘Little Theorem’
90 Encipherment and Decipherment Keys in the RSA System
91 The Encipherment and Decipherment Processes in the RSA System
92 How Does the Key-Owner Reply to Correspondents?
93 The Encipherment Procedure
94 Security of the DES
95 Using Both RSA and DES
96 Beyond the DES
97 Authentication and Signature Verification
98 Elliptic Curve Cryptography
99 Reciprocal Alphabets Weaken Security
100 The Birthdays Paradox
101 Euclid’s Proof That There Are an Infinite Number of Primes
102 The Fibonacci Sequence
103 Letter Frequencies in a Book Cipher
104 One-Time Pad Cipher Cannot Be Solved
105 Frequency of Occurrence in a Page of Random Numbers
106 Fibonacci Type Sequence
107 Binary Linear Recurrences
108 Recovery of a Binary Linear Recurrence from a Stretch of Key
109 Wheel Wirings in the Enigma
110 Number of Possible Enigma Reflectors
111 Expected Number of Indicators Needed to Obtain Full Chains
112 Number of Possible Hagelin Cages
113 Maximum Multiple of the Kick Which Can Occur When Differencing Hagelin Key
114 Determination of Hagelin Slide by Correlation Coefficient
115 Calculating Remainder Using Modular Arithmetic
116 Proof of the Fermat–Euler Theorem
117 The Euclidean Algorithm
118 Efficiency of Finding Powers by Repeated Squaring
119 Elliptic Curve Cryptography
120 Three Vigenère Messages
121 Simple Transposition
122 MDTM
123 Fibonacci Key
124 Continuation of Example Solution
125 Cycle Lengths in Linear Congruences
126 Mini-Enigma
127 Hagelin Message
128 Self-Encipherment in the RSA System

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