Chesterton the New Atheism and an Apologetics of Common Sense 1st Edition by Kuipers-Sedee ISBN 978-9042947900 904294790X

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ISBN 10:   904294790X

ISBN 13: 978-9042947900

Author: M. Kuipers-Sedee

Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874-1936) defended the Christian and Roman Catholic faith. His apologetic work was highly regarded in his own day and has continued to inspire other thinkers ever since. This study investigates whether his apologetics is still valuable today. It explores its value as the basis of an apologetic response to the new atheism, a popular contemporary movement that is highly critical of religion. The author appeals in particular to Chesterton’s understanding of common sense. For Chesterton, common sense is a way of thinking that calls us to see things as they are. Satisfying common sense leads to a worldview that is more plausible than a worldview that is not in line with common sense. This study compares the rival worldviews of the new atheism and Christianity and argues that the Christian worldview is more in line with common sense and is, therefore, more plausible.

Table of contents: 

INTRODUCTION

1. G.K. Chesterton, the New Atheism, and Common Sense

2. On the Methodology of this Study..

2.1. Interpretation and Argumentation.

2.2. Limitations.

3. Overview of the Argument.

CHAPTER 1 THE NEW ATHEISM ON RELIGION

Introduction

1. Problems within Religion

1.1. Believers are Intolerant.

1.1.1. Tradition.

1.1.2. Truth Claim

1.2. Intolerance Leads to Violence

1.2.1. Tradition and Religion are Human Products

1.2.2. Children should be Free in their Thinking

1.3. Start the Discussion

2. Problems within Science.

2.1. Religion is Distinguished from Science

2.2. Science Should Study Everything.

2.2.1. Religion as the Opposite of Science

2.2.2. Religion as a Subject of Science

2.3. Study Religion Scientifically

3. Problems within Society.

3.1. Religion Seems Benign to Society

3.2. Religion is not Benign

3.2.1. Religious Morality

3.2.2. Religious Spirituality

3.2.3. Religious Evil….

3.3. Offer an Alternative: Atheism

3.3.1. Rational Morality.

3.3.2. Rational Spirituality.

3.3.3. Rational Community: The Brights Movement.

Conclusion..

CHAPTER 2

THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE NEW ATHEISTS.

Introduction

1. Ontology

1.1. Ontological Naturalism.

1.2. Questions of Meaning.

2. Anthropology

2.1. The Origin and Purpose of Humanity

2.2. The Relationship between Body and Soul.

3. Epistemology.

3.1. Methodological Naturalism.

3.2. Epistemological Naturalism

3.3. The Legacy of Logical Positivism

4. Ethics

4.1. Free Will versus Determinism

4.2. The Determination of Moral Values.

Conclusion

CHAPTER 3 CONTEMPORARY APOLOGETICS.

Introduction

1. Current Approaches of Apologetics

1.1. Classical Apologetics

1.1.1. Classical Apologetics in General.

1.1.2. Attitude towards Science in the Debate with the New Atheism

1.2. Reformed Epistemological Apologetics..

1.2.1. Reformed Epistemological Apologetics in General.

1.2.2. Alvin Plantinga and the New Atheism

1.3. Apologetics Grounded on Religious Experience

1.3.1. John Hick

1.3.2. William Alston..

1.3.3. Wil van den Bercken and the New Atheism

1.4. Fideist Apologetics

1.4.1. Fideism in General.

1.4.2. Karl Barth.

1.4.3. Terry Eagleton and the New Atheism.

2. Evaluation of the Approaches.

2.1. Classical Apologetics

2.2. Reformed Epistemological Apologetics

2.3. Apologetics Grounded on Religious Experience

2.4. Fideist Apologetics

3. The Call of the Roman Catholic Church

3.1. The New Evangelization

3.1.1. Paul VI.

3.1.2. John Paul II

3.1.3. Benedict XVI.

3.1.4. Francis

3.2. A New Apologetics.

Conclusion

CHAPTER 4 GILBERT KEITH CHESTERTON.

Introduction

1. Biography

2. Introduction to a Chestertonian Apologetics

2.1. The Apologetic Trilogy…

2.1.1. Heretics.

2.1.2. Orthodoxy.

2.1.3. The Everlasting Man

2.2. Common Sense

2.2.1. A Short Background of Common Sense

2.2.2. The Meaning of Common Sense to Chesterton

2.3. Mythology and Philosophy.

2.3.1. The Religious History of Mythology and Phi-losophy.

2.3.2. The Importance of Mythology and Philosophy Today

2.4. The Symbolism of O and t…

2.4.1. O The Symbol of Insanity

2.4.2. † The Symbol of Mystery.

2.5. Importance of Discussing Worldviews.

Conclusion.

CHAPTER 5

A CONTEMPORARY CHESTERTONIAN APOLOGETIC

APPROACH

Introduction

1. Foundations of a Fruitful Apologetic Approach

1.1. Selection of Contemporary Apologetics.

1.2. Responding to the Call for a New Evangelization.

1.3. Application of Chesterton’s Apologetics

1.4. Common Sense as an Apologetic Approach

2. The Alleged Immunity of Religion

2.1. The Actual Vulnerability of Religion.

2.2. Religious Power

2.3. The Tolerance of Religion

2.4. The Secularization of the West.

Conclusion

CHAPTER 6 NEW ATHEIST NATURALISM AND CHESTERTONIAN

COMMON SENSE.

Introduction

1. Ontological Naturalism and Common Sense.

1.1. Ontological Naturalism in General.

1.2. Evolution by Natural Selection.

1.3. The Position of Humanity in the Evolutionary Process.

1.4. The Rise of Religion.

1.5. The Explanation of Anomalies.

1.6. The Inevitability of Determinism

2. Epistemological Naturalism and Common Sense

2.1. Methodological Naturalism

…

2.2. The Importance of Science

2.3. The New Atheists and Scientism

2.4. Scientism and Common Sense

2.4.1. Existential Scientism

2.4.2. Axiological Scientism

2.4.3. Rationalistic and Epistemic Scientism.

2.4.4. Academic-internal Scientism.

Conclusion

CHAPTER 7

CHRISTIANITY AND CHESTERTONIAN COMMON SENSE

Introduction

1. Faith and Common Sense.

1.1. The Importance of Faith.

1.2. The Complementarity of Reason and Faith

2. Intellectual Heritage and Common Sense

2.1. The Importance of Intellectual Heritage.

2.2. The Bible.

2.3. Church History

3. Mysticism and Common Sense

3.1. The Importance of Mysticism.

3.2. The Origin of the World.

3.3. The Revolution of Humanity

3.4. Free Will

Conclusion.

CONCLUSION.

1. Conclusions of this Study…

2. Implications and Future Directions

2.1. Implications of this Study.

2.2. Suggestions for Future Research

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