Calibration Techniques in Nyquist A D Converters The International Series in Engineering and Computer Science 1st Edition by Hendrik Van Der Ploeg, Bram Nauta ISBN 978-1402046346 1402046346
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ISBN 10: 1402046346
ISBN 13: 978-1402046346
Author: Hendrik Van Der Ploeg, Bram Nauta
Calibration Techniques in Nyquist A/D Converters analyses different A/D-converter architectures with an emphasis on the maximum achievable power efficiency. It is shown that in order to achieve high speed and high accuracy at high power efficiency, calibration is required. Calibration reduces the overall power consumption by using the available digital processing capability to relax the demands on critical power hungry analog components. Several calibration techniques are analyzed.
The calibration techniques presented in this book are applicable to other analog-to-digital systems, such as those applied in integrated receivers. Further refinements will allow using analog components with less accuracy, which will then be compensated by digital signal processing. The presented methods allow implementing this without introducing a speed or power penalty.
Table of contents:
1 Introduction
1.1 A/D conversion systems
1.2 Motivation and objectives
1.3 Layout of the book
2 Accuracy, speed and power relation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 IC-technology accuracy limitations
2.2.1 Process mismatch.
2.2.2 Thermal noise
2.2.3 Matching versus noise requirements
2.3 Speed and power
2.4 Maximum speed
2.5 CMOS technology trends
2.6 Conclusions
3 A/D converter architecture comparison
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Flash.
3.2.1 Full flash
3.2.2 Interpolation
3.2.3 Averaging
3.3 Folding and interpolation
3.4 Two-step
3.5 Pipe-line
3.6 Successive approximation
3.7 Theoretical power consumption comparison
3.7.1 Figure-of-Merit (FoM)
3.7.2 Architecture comparison as a function of the resolution
3.7.3 Architecture comparison as a function of the sampling speed.
3.8 Conclusions
4 Enhancement techniques for two-step A/D converters
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Error sources in a two-step architecture
4.3 Residue gain in two-step A/D converters
4.3.1 Single-residue signal processing
4.3.2 Dual-residue signal processing
4.3.3 Conclusions
4.4 Offset calibration
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Calibration overview
4.4.3 Conclusions
4.5 Mixed-signal chopping and calibration
4.5.1 Residue amplifier offset chopping
4.5.2 Offset extraction from digital output
4.5.3 Pseudo random chopping
4.5.4 Offset extraction and analog compensation
4.5.5 Offset extraction in a dual-residue two-step converter
4.5.6 Conclusions
5 A 10-bit two-step ADC with analog online calibration
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Two-Step architecture
5.2.1 Coarse quantizer accuracy
5.2.2 D/A converter and subtractor accuracy
5.2.3 Coarse and fine A/D converter references
5.2.4 Amplifier gain and offset accuracy
5.3 Circuit design
5.3.1 Track-and-hold circuit
5.3.2 Coarse A/D, D/A converter and subtractor
5.3.3 Coarse ladder requirements
5.3.4 Offset compensated residue amplifier
5.3.5 Fine A/D converter
5.3.6 Timing
5.4 Experimental results
5.5 Discussion
5.6 Conclusions
6 A 12-bit two-step ADC with mixed-signal chopping and calibration
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Two-step architecture
6.2.1 Interleaved sample-and-hold
6.2.2 Coarse A/D converter
6.2.3 Switching and residue signal generation
6.2.4 Residue amplifiers
6.3 Mixed-signal chopping and calibration
6.3.1 Residue amplifier offset
6.3.2 Chopping
6.3.3 Digital extraction
6.4 Circuit design
6.4.1 Interleaved sample-and-hold
6.4.2 Coarse A/D converter
6.4.3 Residue amplifier with offset compensating current D/A
converter
6.4.4 Folding-and-interpolating fine A/D converter
6.5 Experimental results
6.6 Discussion.
6.7 Conclusions
7 A low-power 16-bit three-step ADC for imaging applications
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Three-step architecture
7.2.1 Sample-and-hold
7.2.2 Resolution distribution
7.2.3 Switching
7.3 Noise considerations
7.4 Mixed-signal chopping and calibration
7.4.1 Mid and fine residue amplifier stage calibration
7.4.2 Quick calibration
7.5 Supply voltages
7.6 Experimental results
7.7 Discussion
7.8 Conclusions
8 Conclusions
A Static and dynamic accuracy requirements
A.1 Static error requirments
A.2 Dynamic error requirements
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Tags: Hendrik Van Der Ploeg, Bram Nauta, Calibration Techniques, Nyquist A D Converters, The International