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CAD of Circuits and Integrated Systems 1st Edition by Ali Mahdoum ISBN 978-1786305978 1786305976

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Author(s): Ali Mahdoum
ISBN(s): 9781786305978, 1786305976
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 7.66 MB
Year: 2020
Language: english
SKU: EB-11362300 Category: Tag:

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Product details: 

ISBN 10:  1786305976

ISBN 13: 978-1786305978

Author: Ali Mahdoum

This book addresses the difficulty of obtaining a quality solution, that is, pre optimal or even optimal, in a reasonable time from a central processing unit (CPU). As polynomial problems can be treated by exact methods, the problem posed concerns non-polynomial problems, for which it is necessary to develop efficient algorithms based on heuristics or meta-heuristics. Chapter 3 of this book demonstrates how to develop such algorithms, which are characterized by: an initialization of argued solutions (sometimes, the global optimum can be obtained from such an initialization); a non-random generation of solutions (to avoid generating the same solution several times, or even generating solutions that cannot be achieved); avoidance of being trapped by a local optimum; good use of CPU time by reducing the size of the space of solutions to be explored (which is often very large for such problems) without compromising the quality of the solution; plus a reasoned displacement from one solution to another, to improve the quality of the solution as the processing is carried out. These aspects are applied to concrete applications in the design of integrated circuits and systems at various levels. To do this and to help the reader better understand this problem, Chapters 1 and 2 present basic notions on computational complexity, and the design of integrated circuits and systems.

Table of contents: 

Chapter 1. Basic Notions on Computational Complexity and Approximate Techniques

  • Computational complexity

    • Introduction

    • Big O notation

    • Ω Notation

    • Calculation of T(n)

  • Language computability

    • Turing machine and class P

    • Non-deterministic algorithm and class NP

    • NP-complete problems

    • NP-hard problems

    • NP-intermediate problems

    • Co-NP problems

    • Class hierarchy

  • Heuristics and metaheuristics

    • Definitions

    • Graph theory

    • Branch and bound technique

    • Tabu search technique

    • Simulated annealing technique

    • Genetic and evolutionary algorithms

  • Conclusion

Chapter 2. Basic Notions on the Design of Digital Circuits and Systems

  • Introduction

  • History of VLSI circuit design

    • Prediffused circuit

    • Sea of gates

    • Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)

    • Elementary pre-characterized circuit (standard cells)

    • Full-custom circuit

    • Silicon compilation

  • System design level

    • Synthesis

    • Floorplanning

    • Analysis

    • Verification

  • Register transfer design level

    • Synthesis

    • Analysis

    • Verification

  • Module design level

    • Synthesis

    • Analysis

    • Verification

  • Gate design level

    • Synthesis

    • Analysis

    • Verification

  • Transistor level

    • NMOS and CMOS technologies

    • Theory of MOS transistor (current IDS)

    • Transfer characteristics of the inverter

    • Static analysis of the inverter

    • Threshold voltage of the inverter

    • Estimation of rise and fall times of a capacitor

  • Interconnections

    • Synthesis of interconnections

    • Synthesis of networks-on-chip

  • Conclusion

Chapter 3. Case Study: Application of Heuristics and Metaheuristics in the Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems

  • Introduction

  • System level

    • Synthesis of systems-on-chip (SoCs) with low energy consumption

    • Heuristic application to dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for real-time systems under energy constraint

  • Register transfer level

    • Integer linear programming for scheduling operations of a data flow graph (DFG)

    • Scheduling operations in a controlled DFG (speed–power tradeoff)

    • Efficient code assignment to states of a finite state machine

    • Synthesis of submicron transistors and interconnections for high-performance circuits under power, time, and surface constraints

  • Module level

    • Design of low-power digital circuits

    • Reduction of memory access time for embedded systems

  • Gate level

    • Estimation of average and maximal power consumption

    • Automated layout generation of regular structures (shifters, address decoders, PLAs)

    • Automated layout generation according to River PLA technique

  • Interconnections

    • Low-power buffer insertion for submicron interconnections

    • Data encoding/decoding for low-power submicron interconnections

    • High-level synthesis of networks-on-chip under bandwidth, surface, and power constraints

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Tags: Ali Mahdoum, CAD of Circuits, Integrated Systems