Advanced Topological Insulators 1st Edition by Huixia Luo ISBN 978-1119407294 111940729X
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ISBN 10: 111940729X
ISBN 13: 978-1119407294
Author: Huixia Luo
This book is the first pedagogical synthesis of the field of topological insulators and superconductors, one of the most exciting areas of research in condensed matter physics. Presenting the latest developments, while providing all the calculations necessary for a self-contained and complete description of the discipline, it is ideal for researchers and graduate students preparing to work in this area, and it will be an essential reference both within and outside the classroom. The book begins with the fundamental description on the topological phases of matter such as one, two- and three-dimensional topological insulators, and methods and tools for topological material’s investigations, topological insulators for advanced optoelectronic devices, topological superconductors, saturable absorber and in plasmonic devices. Advanced Topological Insulators provides researchers and graduate students with the physical understanding and mathematical tools needed to embark on research in this rapidly evolving field.
Table of contents:
1. Characterization of Phase Transition Points for Topological Gapped Systems
Linhu Li and Shu Chen
Introduction
General Definition of Topological Invariant of Phase Transition Points
A 1D Example: the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Model
General Characterization of Topological Phase Transition
Phase Transition Points of One-Dimensional Systems
Z-Type Topological Gapped Systems
Class BDI: An Extended Version of the SSH Model
Class AIII: The Creutz Model
Z2 Topological Gapped Systems
Class D: An Extended Version of the Kiteav Model
Class DIII: An Example Model
A Non-Topological Example of 1D Insulating Systems
Phase Transition Points of Two-Dimensional Systems
The Haldane Model
An Extended Version of the Qi-Wu-Zhang Model
An Example of 3D Topological Insulators
References
2. Topological Insulator Materials for Advanced Optoelectronic Devices
Zengji Yue, Xiaolin Wang and Min Gu
Excellent Electronic Properties
Quantum Spin Hall Effect
Topological Magnetoelectric Effects
Magnetic Monopole Image
Topological Superconductors
Quantum Anomalous Hall Effects
Giant Magnetoresistance Effects
Shubnikov-De Haas Effects
Excellent Optical Properties
Ultrahigh Bulk Refractive Index
Near-Infrared Transparency
Faraday Rotation and Unusual Electromagnetic Scattering
Ultra-Broadband Plasmon Excitations
Polarized Light Induced Photocurrent
Broadband Optical Nonlinear Response
Advanced Optoelectronic Devices
Plasmonic Solar Cells
Nanometric Holograms
Ultrathin Flat Lens
Near-Infrared Photodetector
Saturable Absorber
Conclusion and Outlook
References
3. Topological Insulator Thin Films and Artificial Topological Superconductors
Hao Zheng, Yaoyi Li and Jin-Feng Jia
Theoretical Background
Berry Phase and Topology in Condensed Matter Physics
Topological Insulator
Topological Superconductor and Majorana Fermionic Mode
Introduction of the Experimental Methods
Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
Topological Insulator Thin Films
Artificial Two-Dimensional Topological Superconductor
Discovery of Majorana Zero Mode
Identification of a Majorana Zero Mode Base on Its Lateral Extension
Identification of a Majorana Zero Mode Based on Its Spin
Summary
References
4. Topological Matter in the Absence of Translational Invariance
Koji Kobayashi, Tomi Ohtsuki and Ken-Ichiro Imura
Introduction
Topological Insulator and Real-Space Topology
Cylindrical Topological Insulator
Spherical Topological Insulator
Protection of the Surface States: Berry Phase Point of View
Layer Construction: Dimensional Crossovers of Topological Properties
Time-Reversal Invariant (Z2) Type Lattice Model: STI/WTI
Time-Reversal Broken (Z) Type Lattice Model: WSM/CI
Similarity Between Two Phase Diagrams
Stacked QSH/QAH Model
Dimensional Crossover
Topological Insulator Terraces and 1D Perfectly Conducting Helical Channel
Effects of Disorder
Model for Disordered STI/WTI
Phase Diagram of Disordered Topological Insulators
Phase Diagram: Isotropic Case
Phase Diagram: Anisotropic Case
Critical Properties of Topological Quantum Phase Transitions
Quantum Phase Transition in Random Systems
Critical Properties of Topological Insulator-Metal Transition
Topological Semimetal-Metal Transition: Evolution of Density of States
Effect of Disorder on Weyl/Dirac Semimetals
Density of State Scaling
Numerical Verification of Density of State Scaling
Relationships Derived from the Density of States Scaling
Conductivity
Specific Heat and Susceptibility
Future Problem for Semimetal-Metal Transition
Phase Diagrams Obtained from Machine Learning
Phase Diagram for Disordered Topological Insulators
Phase Diagram for Disordered Weyl Semimetal
Comparison of CNN Method and the Conventional Method
Summary and Concluding Remarks
References
5. Changing the Topology of Electronic Systems Through Interactions or Disorder
M.A.N. Araújo, E.V. Castro and P.D. Sacramento
Introduction
Change of an Insulator’s Topological Properties by a Hubbard Interaction
A Model for Spinless Fermions with Z Topological Number
A Spinful Model with Z Topological Number
Model with Z2 Topological Number
Effects of Disorder on Chern Insulators
Model and Methods
Disorder Equally Distributed in Both Sublattices
Disorder Selectively Distributed in Only One Sublattice and Anomalous Hall Metal
Wrapping Up the Effect of Disorder
Topological Superconductors
Magnetic Adatom Chains on a S-Wave Superconductor: Topological Modes and Quantum Phase Transitions
Model: S-Wave Superconductor with Magnetic Impurities
Energy Levels and Topological Invariant
Wave Functions: Cross-Over from YSR States to MZEM
Triplet Two-Dimensional Superconductor with Magnetic Chains
Pure Triplet Superconductor
Addition of Magnetic Impurities
Chern Number Analysis When Translational Invariance Is Broken
Magnetic Islands on a P-Wave Superconductor
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
6. Q-Switching Pulses Generation Using Topology Insulators as Saturable Absorber
Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Nurfarhanah Zulkipli, Ahmad Razif Muhammad and Anas Abdul Latiff
Introduction
Fiber Laser Technology
Working Principle of Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser (EDFL)
Q-Switching
Topology Insulator (TI)
Pulsed Laser Parameters
Bi₂Se₃ Material as Saturable Absorber in Passively Q-Switched Fiber Laser
Preparation and Optical Characterization of Bi₂Se₃ Based SA
Configuration of the Q-Switched Laser with Bi₂Se₃ Based SA
Q-Switching Performances
Q-Switched EDFL with Bi₂Te₃ Material as Saturable Absorber
Preparation and Optical Characterization of the SA
Experimental Setup
Q-Switched Laser Performances
Conclusion
References
7. Topological Phase Transitions: Criticality, Universality, and Renormalization Group Approach
Wei Chen and Manfred Sigrist
Generic Features Near Topological Phase Transitions
Topological Phase Transition in Lattice Models
Gap-Closing and Reopening
Divergence of the Curvature Function
Renormalization Group Approach
Topological Invariant in 1D Calculated from Berry Connection
Berry Connection and Theory of Charge Polarization
Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Model
Kitaev’s P-Wave Superconducting Chain
Topological Invariant in 2D Calculated from Berry Curvature
Berry Curvature and Theory of Orbital Magnetization
Universality Class of Higher Order Dirac Model
Topological Invariant in D-Dimension Calculated from Pfaffian
Pfaffian of the m-Matrix
Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang Model
Summary
References
8. Behaviour of Dielectric Materials Under Electron Irradiation in a SEM
Slim Fakhfakh, Khaled Raouadi and Omar Jbara
Introduction
Fundamental Aspects of Electron Irradiation of Solids
Volume of Interaction and Penetration Depth
Emissions and Spatial Resolutions Resulting from Electron Irradiation
Electron Emission of Solid Materials
Spectrum or Energy Distribution of the Electron Emission
Backscattered Electron Emission
Secondary Electron Emission
Mechanism of Secondary Electron Emission
Variation of the Electron Emission Rate as a Function of Primary Energy
Auger Electron Emission
Total Emission Yield
Trapping and Charge Transport in Insulators
Generalities
Defects and Impurities
Amorphous or Very Disordered Insulators: Disorder and Localized States in the Conduction Band
Injection, Localization and Transport of Charges
Space Charge
Application: Dynamic Trapping Properties of Dielectric Materials Under Electron Irradiation
Measurement of the Trapped Charge from Displacement Current and Conservation Law of the Current
Measurement of the Trapped Charge from the Displacement Current
Conservation Law of the Current and the Induced Charge
Device and Experimental Procedure
Typical Curves of Measured Currents and Influence Factor
Trapped Charge
Characteristic Parameters of the Charging Process
Characteristic Parameters of Discharging Process
Determination of the Total Electron Emission Yield
Flashover Phenomena and Determination of the Trapping Cross Section for Electrons
Determination of Effective Resistivity and Estimation of the Electric Field Strength Initiating Surface Discharge
Effect of Current Density
Conclusion
References
9. Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) is a New Paradigm for Realization of Topological Insulator
Gopinath Palai
Introduction
Electrical Topological Insulator
Hall Effect
Photonic Crystal Fiber
Solid-Core PCFs
Hollow-Core PCFs
Photonic Topological Insulator
Structure of Photonic Crystal Fiber
Result and Discussion
Conclusion
References
10. Patterned 2D Thin Films Topological Insulators for Potential Plasmonic Applications
G. Padmalaya, E. Manikandan, S. Radha, B.S. Sreeja and P. Senthil Kumar
Introduction
Fundamentals of Plasmons
Plasmons at Metals/Insulator Interfaces
Properties of Surface Plasmons
Plasmons-Based on Electromagnetic Fields
Plasmons at Planar Interfaces
Behaviors of Plasmons at Planar Surfaces
Plasmons at Surface Imaging
Plasmons at Structured Surfaces
Graphene-Based Structure
Metal Oxide-Based Structure
Dimensional Thin Films-Based Topological Insulators
Graphene-Based Topological Insulators
Graphene in Spintronics Applications
Graphene in Memory-Based Applications
Graphene-Based Topological Insulator for Thermoelectric Applications
Graphene in Sensing Applications Based Topological Line Defects
Piezotronics-Based Topological Insulators
Fundamental Physics of Piezotronics and Its Applications
Metamaterials-Based Topological Insulators
Operation Principle
Mapping of MM with TI
Nanostructured Thin Films and Its Applications
Plasmonic Applications
Biomedical Applications
Summary
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Tags: Huixia Luo, Advanced Topological