(Ebook PDF) A Student Grammar of German 1st Edition by Paul Stocker ISBN 9781139368377 1139368370 full chapters

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ISBN 10:1139368370

ISBN 13:9781139368377

Author: Paul Stocker

Table of Contents:

• Introduction
• 1 Cases
• 1.1 The cases
• 1.1.1 The nominative case
• 1.1.2 The accusative case
• 1.1.3 The genitive case
• 1.1.4 Genitive replaced by dative
• 1.1.5 The dative case
• 1.2 Apposition
• 2 Nouns
• 2.1 The gender of nouns
• 2.1.1 Which gender?
• 2.1.2 Masculine nouns
• 2.1.3 Feminine nouns
• 2.1.4 Neuter nouns
• 2.1.5 Other endings and prefixes
• 2.1.6 Homonyms: identical nouns with different genders/meanings
• 2.1.7 Gender agreement with nouns and pronouns
• 2.1.8 Gender issues with nouns and pronouns
• 2.2 The plural of nouns
• 2.2.1 Summary of plural endings
• 2.2.2 Masculine nouns
• 2.2.3 Feminine nouns
• 2.2.4 Neuter nouns
• 2.2.5 Plurals ending with -s
• 2.2.6 Other plural forms
• 2.2.7 Nouns which have two plural forms
• 2.2.8 Nouns which are plural in German but singular in English
• 2.2.9 Nouns which are usually plural in English but singular in German
• 2.2.10 Nouns which have singular and plural forms in German
• 2.2.11 Plural agreement
• 2.3 The declension of nouns
• 2.3.1 Case endings on nouns
• 2.3.2 Weak masculine nouns
• 2.3.3 Declension of names and proper nouns
• 3 Determiners
• 3.1 The definite and indefinite articles
• 3.1.1 The definite article: der, die, das
• 3.1.2 The indefinite article: ein ,eine, ein, andkein, keine, kein, plural keine
• 3.2 The use of the article
• 3.2.1 Article used in German but omitted in English
• 3.2.2 Article omitted in German but used in English
• 3.2.3 Other variations
• 3.3 Demonstrative determiners
• 3.3.1 dieser this, these; jener that, those
• 3.3.2 solcher such (a)
• 3.3.3 derjenige/diejenige/dasjenige the one who/which
• 3.3.4 derselbe/dieselbe/dasselbe the same
• 3.4 Possessive determiners
• 3.5 Interrogative determiners
• 3.5.1 welcher/welche/welches which
• 3.5.2 was für what kind of
• 3.6 Indefinite determiners
• 3.6.1 all, alles, alle all, everybody
• 3.6.2 ganz all, whole
• 3.6.3 beide both
• 3.6.4 einige some
• 3.6.5 ein bisschen, ein wenig a little, a bit
• 3.6.6 ein paar a few
• 3.6.7 etwas some, any
• 3.6.8 irgendeiner, irgendwelcher some … or other
• 3.6.9 jeder each, every
• 3.6.10 manche(r) some, many a
• 3.6.11 mehrere several
• 3.6.12 sämtliche all
• 3.6.13 viel/viele lots/many, wenig/wenige a little/a few
• 3.6.14 welcher/welche/welches which
• 3.6.15 Indefinite determiners + adjectives + noun
• 3.7 Determiners and pronouns: a summary
• 4 Pronouns
• 4.1 Personal pronouns
• 4.1.1 The forms of the personal pronouns
• 4.1.2 The use of the personal pronouns
• 4.1.3 The pronoun es – some special uses
• 4.1.4 Pronouns used with prepositions
• 4.2 Reflexive pronouns
• 4.2.1 Reflexive object pronouns
• 4.2.2 selbst/selber myself, yourself, himself
• 4.2.3 sich/einander each other, one another (the reciprocal pronoun)
• 4.3 Demonstrative pronouns
• 4.3.1 der, die, das that
• 4.3.2 dieser this (one), jener that (one)
• 4.3.3 solcher such (a)
• 4.3.4 derjenige/diejenige/dasjenige the one who/which
• 4.4 Possessive pronouns
• 4.5 Indefinite pronouns
• 4.5.1 all, alles all, everything, everyone
• 4.5.2 beide, beides both
• 4.5.3 ein bisschen, ein wenig a little, a bit, ein paar a few
• 4.5.4 einer one (of them)
• 4.5.5 einige some
• 4.5.6 etwas some(-thing)/any(-thing)
• 4.5.7 irgend- some …or other
• 4.5.8 jeder each/every, everybody
• 4.5.9 jemand/niemand somebody/nobody
• 4.5.10 man one
• 4.5.11 manche(r) some, many
• 4.5.12 mehrere several
• 4.5.13 nichts nothing, not …anything
• 4.5.14 viel/viele lots/many, wenig/wenige a little/a few
• 4.6 Interrogative pronouns
• 4.6.1 was what
• 4.6.2 welcher some, any
• 4.6.3 wer who
• 4.7 Relative pronouns
• 4.7.1 der, die, das who, which
• 4.7.2 was as a relative pronoun
• 4.7.3 wer anyone who, those who; was that which
• 4.7.4 Relative pronouns with places and times
• 5 Adjectives
• 5.1 The declension of adjectives
• 5.1.1 Group 1: weak endings
• 5.1.2 Group 2: mixed endings
• 5.1.3 Group 3: strong endings
• 5.1.4 Indeclinable adjectives
• 5.1.5 Adjectives in titles
• 5.1.6 Irregular adjectives
• 5.2 Adjective-nouns
• 5.3 Adjectives used with particular cases
• 5.3.1 Adjectives governing the accusative
• 5.3.2 Adjectives governing the genitive
• 5.3.3 Adjectives governing the dative
• 5.4 Adjectives used with particular prepositions
• 5.4.1 Adjective + preposition + pronoun or noun phrase
• 5.4.2 Adjectives + preposition followed by a clause
• 5.5 Adjectival phrases
• 6 Adverbs
• 6.1 Adverbs of time
• 6.1.1 One-word adverbs of time
• 6.1.2 Prepositional phrases of time
• 6.1.3 Adverbial phrases without prepositions
• 6.1.4 ‘For’ + time
• 6.2 Adverbs of manner
• 6.2.1 Common one-word adverbs of manner
• 6.2.2 Adverbial phrases of manner
• 6.3 Adverbs of place
• 6.3.1 One-word place/direction adverbs
• 6.3.2 Prepositional adverbs of place
• 6.3.3 The suffixes -hin and -her, and the prepositions nach and von
• 6.4 Adverbs of comment/attitude
• 6.5 Adverbs of degree
• 6.6 Adverbs of reason
• 6.6.1 Reason or consequence
• 6.6.2 Qualification or contrast
• 6.7 Interrogative adverbs
• 7 Modal particles
• 7.1 Characteristics of modal particles
• 7.2 Modal particles
• 7.2.1 aber
• 7.2.2 auch
• 7.2.3 bloß
• 7.2.4 denn
• 7.2.5 doch
• 7.2.6 eben
• 7.2.7 eigentlich
• 7.2.8 erst
• 7.2.9 etwa
• 7.2.10 gleich
• 7.2.11 halt
• 7.2.12 ja
• 7.2.13 mal
• 7.2.14 nur
• 7.2.15 schon
• 7.2.16 überhaupt
• 7.2.17 vielleicht
• 7.2.18 wohl
• 7.2.19 zwar
• 8 Comparative and superlative of adjectives and adverbs
• 8.1 The comparative and superlative forms of adjectives
• 8.1.1 The regular formation of the comparative and superlative
• 8.1.2 Irregular forms of the comparative and superlative
• 8.1.3 Compound adjectives
• 8.2 The comparative and superlative forms of adverbs
• 8.3 Using the comparative and superlative
• 9 Prepositions
• 9.1 Prepositions followed by the accusative
• 9.1.1 bis
• 9.1.2 durch
• 9.1.3 entlang
• 9.1.4 für
• 9.1.5 gegen
• 9.1.6 ohne
• 9.1.7 um
• 9.1.8 wider against
• 9.2 Prepositions followed by the dative
• 9.2.1 aus
• 9.2.2 außer
• 9.2.3 bei
• 9.2.4 gegenüber
• 9.2.5 mit
• 9.2.6 nach
• 9.2.7 seit
• 9.2.8 von
• 9.2.9 zu
• 9.2.10 Less common prepositions which take the dative
• 9.3 Prepositions followed by the accusative or dative
• 9.3.1 an
• 9.3.2 auf
• 9.3.3 hinter
• 9.3.4 in
• 9.3.5 neben
• 9.3.6 über
• 9.3.7 unter
• 9.3.8 vor
• 9.3.9 zwischen
• 9.4 Prepositions followed by the genitive
• 9.4.1 Four common prepositions followed by the genitive
• 9.4.2 Prepositions denoting position followed by the genitive
• 9.4.3 Prepositions followed by the genitive which occur only in formal language
• 9.5 The translation of to with places, countries and people
• 9.5.1 to + places, buildings, events
• 9.5.2 to + countries, geographical regions, etc.
• 9.5.3 to + people
• 9.6 Contraction of prepositions with the definite article
• 9.6.1 Prepositions which contract
• 10 Verbs: the indicative tenses – formation
• 10.1 The present tense
• 10.1.1 Weak verbs
• 10.1.2 Strong verbs
• 10.2 The simple past tense
• 10.2.1 Weak verbs
• 10.2.2 Strong verbs
• 10.3 The perfect tense
• 10.3.1 Formation
• 10.3.2 Irregularities in the formation of the past participle
• 10.3.3 haben or sein as auxiliary?
• 10.4 The pluperfect tense
• 10.4.1 Formation
• 10.5 The future tense
• 10.5.1 Formation
• 10.6 The future perfect tense
• 10.6.1 Formation
• 11 Verbs: the indicative tenses – uses
• 11.1 The present tense
• 11.1.1 Example
• 11.1.2 Uses
• 11.2 The perfect and simple past tenses
• 11.2.1 Examples
• 11.2.2 Uses of the simple past and perfect tenses
• 11.3 The pluperfect tense
• 11.3.1 Example
• 11.3.2 Use
• 11.4 The future tense
• 11.4.1 Example
• 11.4.2 Use
• 11.5 The future perfect tense
• 11.5.1 Example
• 11.5.2 Use
• 12 Verbs: other types and forms
• 12.1 Mixed verbs
• 12.2 Modal verbs
• 12.2.1 Examples of the tenses (müssen)
• 12.2.2 Formation of the tenses of modal verbs
• 12.2.3 Modal constructions
• 12.2.4 Using two modals in the same clause
• 12.2.5 Omitting the infinitive after a modal verb
• 12.3 The uses of modal verbs
• 12.3.1 dürfen
• 12.3.2 können
• 12.3.3 mögen
• 12.3.4 müssen
• 12.3.5 sollen
• 12.3.6 wollen
• 12.4 Irregular verbs
• 12.5 Verbs with different transitive and intransitive forms
• 12.6 Impersonal verbs
• 12.6.1 Impersonal sein and werden constructions
• 12.6.2 Other impersonal constructions
• 12.6.3 es gibt, es ist/es sind there is/are
• 12.7 Reflexive verbs
• 12.7.1 Reflexive verbs – an outline
• 12.7.2 The pronoun sich
• 12.7.3 Accusative reflexive
• 12.7.4 Dative reflexive
• 12.7.5 Other translations of the reflexive pronoun
• 12.7.6 Impersonal constructions with reflexive verbs
• 13 Verbs with prepositional objects or unexpected cases
• 13.1 Verbs followed by prepositional objects
• 13.1.1 an
• 13.1.2 auf
• 13.1.3 aus
• 13.1.4 bei
• 13.1.5 für
• 13.1.6 in
• 13.1.7 mit
• 13.1.8 nach
• 13.1.9 über
• 13.1.10 um
• 13.1.11 von
• 13.1.12 vor
• 13.1.13 wegen
• 13.1.14 zu
• 13.2 Prepositional adverbs
• 13.2.1 Prepositional adverb: da(r)- + preposition
• 13.2.2 Omission of the prepositional adverb
• 13.3 Verbs used with unexpected cases
• 13.3.1 Verbs which take a dative object
• 13.3.2 Verbs which take a dative and an accusative object
• 13.3.3 Verbs with two accusative objects
• 13.3.4 Verbs which take a genitive object
• 14 The infinitive and participles
• 14.1 The infinitive
• 14.1.1 The infinitive with zu
• 14.1.2 The infinitive without zu
• 14.1.3 Other uses of the infinitive
• 14.2 The past participle
• 14.2.1 Formation of the past participle
• 14.2.2 Uses
• 14.3 The present participle
• 14.3.1 Formation
• 14.3.2 Uses
• 14.4 The translation of English -ing forms
• 14.4.1 Present participle
• 14.4.2 Infinitive
• 14.4.3 Subordinate clause
• 14.4.4 Other forms
• 15 The passive voice
• 15.1 The passive voice: formation and use
• 15.1.1 Formation of the passive
• 15.1.2 The agent by
• 15.1.3 The subject of the passive sentence
• 15.1.4 ‘Subjectless’ or ‘impersonal’ passive
• 15.1.5 The passive using sein
• 15.1.6 Verbs which cannot be used in the passive
• 15.1.7 The passive in infinitive constructions
• 15.2 Alternatives to the passive
• 16 The imperative mood
• 16.1 The imperative: formation and use
• 16.1.1 Example
• 16.1.2 Formation
• 16.1.3 The du form
• 16.1.4 Polite commands and requests
• 16.1.5 Adding emphasis to a command or request
• 16.1.6 wir forms of the imperative
• 16.2 The infinitive in general and official instructions
• 16.3 Other ways of expressing commands
• 17 The subjunctive mood
• 17.1 Subjunctive 1/Konjunktiv I: formation and summary
• 17.1.1 Example
• 17.1.2 Main use
• 17.1.3 Formation
• 17.1.4 Reporting present, past and future statements
• 17.2 Subjunctive 2/Konjunktiv II: formation and summary
• 17.2.1 Example
• 17.2.2 Main uses
• 17.2.3 Formation
• 17.2.4 Conditional in the past (or pluperfect subjunctive)
• 17.3 Subjunctive 1/Konjunktiv I: use
• 17.3.1 Statements in reported or indirect speech
• 17.3.2 Commands in reported speech
• 17.3.3 Questions and requests in reported speech
• 17.3.4 Avoiding the use of reported speech
• 17.3.5 Subjunctive 1 in wishes and commands
• 17.4 Subjunctive 2/Konjunktiv II: use
• 17.4.1 One-word and two-word forms and register
• 17.4.2 ‘Real’ and ‘unlikely’ conditions and events
• 17.4.3 Wishes
• 17.4.4 Polite requests and statements
• 17.4.5 Future in the past
• 17.4.6 als ob + Subjunctive 2
• 17.5 ‘Conditional in the past’: uses
• 18 Word order
• 18.1 The position of the verb
• 18.1.1 Main clauses
• 18.1.2 The first position in a main clause (Vorfeld)
• 18.1.3 Questions and commands
• 18.1.4 Subordinate clauses
• 18.1.5 Verb position in compound or complex sentences
• 18.2 Conjunctions
• 18.2.1 Co-ordinating conjunctions
• 18.2.2 Subordinating conjunctions
• 18.2.3 Correlative (two-part) conjunctions
• 18.2.4 Variations from the verb-position rules for main clauses (18.1.1) and subordinate clauses (18
• 18.2.5 Adverbs used to link main clauses
• 18.3 The position of elements within the clause
• 18.3.1 Predicative adjectives
• 18.3.2 Pronouns and nouns
• 18.3.3 The order of adverbs
• 18.3.4 Adverbs in relation to the objects of the verb
• 18.4 The position of nicht
• 18.5 Word order with infinitive clauses
• 19 Word formation
• 19.1 General points
• 19.1.1 Root words
• 19.1.2 Complex words
• 19.2 Formation of nouns
• 19.2.1 Nouns from verbs
• 19.2.2 Nouns formed using suffixes
• 19.2.3 Nouns formed using prefixes
• 19.2.4 Compound nouns
• 19.3 Formation of adjectives
• 19.3.1 Adjectives from the participles of verbs
• 19.3.2 Suffixes added to form adjectives
• 19.3.3 Prefixes added to adjectives
• 19.3.4 Compound adjectives
• 19.4 Formation of adverbs
• 19.5 Formation of verbs
• 19.5.1 Separable prefixes
• 19.5.2 Inseparable prefixes
• 19.5.3 Variable prefixes
• 19.5.4 Verbs formed from adjectives and nouns
• 20 Numbers, spelling and punctuation
• 20.1 Numbers
• 20.1.1 Cardinal numbers
• 20.1.2 Ordinal numbers
• 20.1.3 Fractions and decimals
• 20.1.4 Expressions of quantity and money
• 20.2 Spelling
• 20.2.1 Capitals or small letters?
• 20.3 One word or two?
• 20.3.1 Separable verbs
• 20.3.2 Nouns
• 20.4 ss or ß ?
• 20.5 Punctuation
• 20.5.1 The comma
• 20.5.2 Inverted commas (speech marks) and colons
• 20.5.3 The apostrophe
• 20.5.4 The exclamation mark
• 21 List of strong and irregular verbs
• 22 Guide to tenses

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A Student Grammar,German,Paul Stocker