Integration of demand response into the electricity chain challenges opportunities and smart grid solutions 1st Edition by Arturo Losi, Antonio Vicino, Pierluigi Mancarella ISBN 978-1119245582 1119245582

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Product details: 

ISBN 10:   1119245582 

ISBN 13: 978-1119245582

Author:  Arturo Losi, Antonio Vicino, Pierluigi Mancarella

The concept of Demand Response (DR) generally concerns methodologies, technologies and commercial arrangements that could allow active participation of consumers in the power system operation. The primary aim of DR is thus to overcome the “traditional” inflexibility of electrical demand and, amongst others, create a new powerful tool to maximize deployment of renewable energy sources as well as provide active network management solutions to help reducing the impact of limited grid capabilities.

DR allows consumers to actively participate in power system operation, thus bringing new opportunities in emerging energy markets as well as tangible system benefits. In this sense, DR is considered one of the key enablers of the Smart Grid concept. However, DR also poses a number of challenges, particularly when “active demand” is connected to the Low Voltage network, thus affecting all the actors involved in the electricity chain.

This book presents for the first time a comprehensive view on technical methodologies and architectures, commercial arrangements, and socio-economic and regulatory factors that could facilitate the uptake of DR. The work is developed in a systematic way so as to create a comprehensive picture of challenges, benefits and opportunities involved with DR. The reader will thus be provided with a clear understanding of the complexity deriving from a demand becoming active, as well as with a quantitative assessment of the techno-economic value of the proposed solutions in a Smart Grid context.

Many research contributions have appeared in recent years in the field of DR, both in journals and conference proceedings. However, most publications focus on individual aspects of the problem. A systematic treatment of the issues to be tackled to introduce DR in existing electricity grids, involving the extended value chain in terms of technical and commercial aspects, is still missing. Also, several books have recently been published about Smart Grid, in which there is some mention to DR. However, again while DR is seen as a key pillar for the Smart Grid, there is no dedicated, comprehensive and systematic contribution in this respect.

Table of contents: 

Chapter 1. Demand Response in Smart Grids
Amir ABIRI-JAHROMI, Navdeep DHALIWAL and François BOUFFARD
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Background on demand side management and demand response
1.3. Benefits offered by demand-side management
1.4. Types of demand response programs
1.4.1. Price-based programs
1.4.2. Incentive-based programs
1.5. Demand response performance, measurement and verification
1.6. The challenges: aligning economics and intelligence
1.7. Bibliography

Chapter 2. Active Consumer Characterization and Aggregation
Alessandro AGNETIS, Ignacio DELGADO ESPINÓS, Joseba JIMENO HUARTE, Marco PRANZO and Antonio VICINO
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Overview of the interaction between aggregator and other system players
2.2.1. Markets
2.2.2. Regulated players
2.2.3. Deregulated players
2.2.4. Consumers
2.3. Consumption modeling and flexibility forecasting
2.3.1. Consumer segmentation
2.3.2. Forecasting baseline demand
2.3.3. Forecasting flexibility under a dynamic pricing scheme
2.3.4. Calibration of price sensitivity parameters
2.4. Algorithms for electricity market price forecasting
2.4.1. Short-term energy price forecasting
2.4.2. Short-term energy price volatility forecasting
2.5. Optimization algorithm for designing demand response-based offers for the market
2.5.1. Aggregator toolbox optimization model for the day-ahead market
2.6. Software architecture of the aggregator toolbox
2.7. Numerical results on simulation experiments
2.7.1. Flexibility forecasting
2.7.2. Generating market offers
2.8. Bibliography

Chapter 3. Distributed Intelligence at the Consumer’s Premises
Alessandro AGNETIS, Colin BROWN, Paolo DETTI, Joseba JIMENO HUARTE and Antonio VICINO
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Functional architecture
3.2.1. User interface
3.2.2. Other interfaces
3.3. Software architecture
3.3.1. Software modules
3.3.2. Types of daemons
3.3.3. Software architecture layers
3.4. Classification of distributed energy resources
3.4.1. Non-controllable loads
3.4.2. Shiftable loads
3.4.3. Thermal loads
3.4.4. Curtailable loads
3.4.5. Non-dispatchable generation sources
3.4.6. Dispatchable generation sources
3.4.7. Storage systems
3.5. Optimization algorithm for appliance scheduling
3.5.1. The optimization problem solved by the energy box
3.5.2. A mathematical model for energy box scheduling problems
3.5.3. A heuristic algorithm for energy box scheduling problems
3.6. Results on testing the implementation of the software architecture
3.7. Bibliography

Chapter 4. Distribution Control Center: New Requirements and Functionalities
Lilia CONSIGLIO, Anna Rita DI FAZIO, Simone PAOLETTI, Mario RUSSO, Adrian TIMBUS and Giovanni VALTORTA
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Functional specifications, including strategies
4.2.1. Distribution system operator’s algorithms and prototypes to enable and exploit demand response
4.3. Architectures of distribution system automation and control
4.3.1. Centralized approach
4.3.2. Decentralized approach
4.4. Active and reactive power control in medium-voltage active distribution grids
4.5. Validation of demand response products
4.5.1. Ex ante validation
4.5.2. Real-time validation
4.6. New operational planning applications for the medium-voltage control center
4.6.1. Forecasting tools
4.6.2. Market tools
4.7. Bibliography

Chapter 5. Distribution Network Representation in the Presence of Demand Response
Giovanni M. CASOLINO, Arturo LOSI, Christian NOCE and Giovanni VALTORTA
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Requirements for distribution network monitoring and control
5.2.1. Functionalities at the distribution system operator control center level
5.2.2. Functionalities at the high-voltage/medium-voltage substation level
5.2.3. Functionalities at the medium voltage/low voltage level
5.3. Load areas
5.3.1. Identification
5.3.2. Modeling
5.4. Load areas: study cases
5.4.1. Small-size grid
5.4.2. Medium-size grid
5.4.3. Large-size grid
5.5. Appendix: active–reactive relationships
5.5.1. Pure loads
5.5.2. Distributed generation
5.6. Bibliography

Chapter 6. Communication Needs and Solutions for the Deployment of Demand Response
Tatjana KOSTIC, Dacfey DZUNG and Adrian TIMBUS
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Requirements
6.2.1. System requirements
6.2.2. Technical requirements
6.2.3. Economic requirements
6.3. Network architecture and communication technologies
6.3.1. Architecture
6.3.2. Network layer requirements
6.3.3. Communication technologies
6.3.4. Technologies summary and conclusions
6.4. A communications solution for demand response
6.4.1. Software architecture
6.4.2. Anatomy of an interface
6.4.3. Concrete example from the ADDRESS project
6.4.4. Development and testing environment
6.5. Summary on communications for demand response
6.6. Bibliography

Chapter 7. System-level Benefits of Demand Response
Pedro LINARES, Mercedes VALLÉS, Pablo FRÍAS, Adela CONCHADO and Óscar LAGO
7.1. Introduction
7.2. System benefits
7.2.1. Generation
7.2.2. Networks
7.3. Review of system benefits
7.3.1. Consumer flexibility and capacity to respond to active demand signals
7.3.2. Generation
7.3.3. Networks
7.4. Summary
7.5. Bibliography

Chapter 8. Techno-Economic Analysis of Demand Response
Daan SIX, Eduardo Alejandro MARTÍNEZ CESEÑA, Carlos MADINA, Kris KESSELS, Nicholas GOOD and Pierluigi MANCARELLA
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Techno-economic analysis: identification of potential business cases for demand response in a networked business
8.2.1. Technical dimension
8.2.2. Economic dimension
8.2.3. Business cases for demand response in a networked business: market participants
8.2.4. ADDRESS business cases for demand response: interactions between market participants
8.3. Techno-economic analysis of demand response: examples
8.3.1. Categorization of possible demand response business cases
8.3.2. Energy-oriented demand response business case studies
8.3.3. Capacity-oriented demand response business case studies
8.4. Conclusions
8.5. Bibliography

Chapter 9. Socioeconomic Aspects of Demand Response
Sarah MANDER, Dana ABI GHANEM, Régine BELHOMME, Ignacio DELGADO ESPINÓS, Roberto GONZALEZ SAINZ-MAZA, Kris KESSELS and Marina LOMBARDI
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Social aspects of demand response
9.3. Key elements of the ADDRESS project from the perspectives of participants
9.3.1. Summary of the trial
9.3.2. Theoretical perspective
9.3.3. Everyday practices in the ADDRESS trial
9.3.4. Motivations for taking part in the trial
9.4. The everyday of demand response
9.4.1. Technology: the energy box
9.5. Shifting of loads
9.5.1. Thermal comfort: space heating
9.5.2. Thermal comfort: water heating
9.5.3. Laundry
9.6. The future of demand response
9.7. Bibliography

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Tags: Arturo Losi, Antonio Vicino, Pierluigi Mancarella, Integration of demand, the electricity