Fluid mechanics 4th Edition by Kundu , Ira Cohen ISBN 0123813999 978-0123813992
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ISBN 10: 0123813999
ISBN 13: 978-0123813992
Author: Kundu P.K., Ira M. Cohen
Fluid mechanics, the study of how fluids behave and interact under various forces and in various applied situations―whether in the liquid or gaseous state or both―is introduced and comprehensively covered in this widely adopted text. Fluid Mechanics, Fourth Edition is the leading advanced general text on fluid mechanics.
Changes for the 4th edition from the 3rd edition:
Updates to several chapters and sections, including Boundary Layers, Turbulence, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Thermodynamics and Compressibility
Fully revised and updated chapter on computational fluid dynamics
New chapter on Biofluid Mechanics by Professor Portonovo Ayyaswamy, the Asa Whitney Professor of Dynamical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania
Table of contents:
Chapter 1
Introduction
1. Fluid Mechanics
2. Units of Measurement
3. Solids, Liquids, and Gases
4. Continuum Hypothesis
5. Transport Phenomena
6. Surface Tension
7. Fluid Statics
8. Classical Thermodynamics.
9. Perfect Gas.
10. Static Equilibrium of a Compressible Medium
Exercises
Literature Cited.
Supplemental Reading
Chapter 2
Cartesian Tensors
1. Scalars and Vectors..
2. Rotation of Axes: Formal Definition of a Vector
3. Multiplication of Matrices
4. Second-Order Tensor
5. Contraction and Multiplication
6. Force on a Surface
7. Kronecker Delta and Alternating Tensor.
8. Dot Product
9. Cross Product..
10. Operator V: Gradient, Divergence, and Curl
11. Symmetric and Antisymmetric Tensors..
12. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a Symmetric Tensor
13. Gauss’ Theorem
14. Stokes’ Theorem..
15. Comma Notation.
16. Boldface vs Indicial Notation,
Exercises
Literature Cited
Supplemental Reading.
Chapter 3
Kinematics
1. Introduction
2. Lagrangian and Eulerian Specifications.
3. Eulerian and Lagrangian Descriptions: The Particle Derivative.
4. Streamline, Path Line, and Streak Line
5. Reference Frame and Streamline Pattern.
6. Linear Strain Rate…
7. Shear Strain Rate
8. Vorticity and Circulation
9. Relative Motion near a Point: Principal Axes..
10. Kinematic Considerations of Parallel Shear Flows
11. Kinematic Considerations of Vortex Flows.
12. One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Flows
13. The Streamfunction
14. Polar Coordinates
Exercises…
Supplemental Reading.
Chapter 4
Conservation Laws
1. Introduction
2. Time Derivatives of Volume Integrals
3. Conservation of Mass
4. Streamfunctions: Revisited and Generalized
5. Origin of Forces in Fluid.
6. Stress at a Point.
7. Conservation of Momentum..
8. Momentum Principle for a Fixed Volume
9. Angular Momentum Principle for a Fixed Volume
10. Constitutive Equation for Newtonian Fluid..
11. Navier-Stokes Equation
12. Rotating Frame
13. Mechanical Energy Equation
14. First Law of Thermodynamics: Thermal Energy Equation
15. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy Production
16. Bernoulli Equation
17. Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation.
18. Boussinesq Approximation..
19. Boundary Conditions.
Exercises.
Literature Cited.
Supplemental Reading
Chapter 5
Vorticity Dynamics
1. Introduction
2. Vortex Lines and Vortex Tubes
3. Role of Viscosity in Rotational and Irrotational Vortices.
4. Kelvin’s Circulation Theorem
5. Vorticity Equation in a Nonrotating Frame
6. Velocity Induced by a Vortex Filament: Law of Biot and Savart
7. Vorticity Equation in a Rotating Frame
8. Interaction of Vortices
9. Vortex Sheet,
Exercises.
Literature Cited.
Supplemental Reading
Chapter 6
Irrotational Flow
1. Relevance of Irrotational Flow Theory..
2. Velocity Potential: Laplace Equation
3. Application of Complex Variables
4. Flow at a Wall Angle
5. Sources and Sinks..
6. Irrotational Vortex
7. Doublet
8. Flow past a Half-Body
9. Flow past a Circular Cylinder without Circulation
10. Flow past a Circular Cylinder with Circulation
11. Forces on a Two-Dimensional Body.
12. Source near a Wall: Method of Images
13. Conformal Mapping.
14. Flow around an Elliptic Cylinder with Circulation
15. Uniqueness of Irrotational Flows
16. Numerical Solution of Plane Irrotational Flow
17. Axisymmetric Irrotational Flow
18. Streamfunction and Velocity Potential for Axisymmetric Flow
19. Simple Examples of Axisymmetric Flows
20. Flow around a Streamlined Body of Revolution
21. Flow around an Arbitrary Body of Revolution.
22. Concluding Remarks
Exercises..
Literature Cited..
Supplemental Reading.
Chapter 7
Gravity Waves
1. Introduction
2. The Wave Equation
3. Wave Parameters..
4. Surface Gravity Waves
5. Some Features of Surface Gravity Waves
6. Approximations for Deep and Shallow Water
7. Influence of Surface Tension
8. Standing Waves..
9. Group Velocity and Energy Flux.
10. Group Velocity and Wave Dispersion.
11. Nonlinear Steepening in a Nondispersive Medium.
12. Hydraulic Jump..
13. Finite Amplitude Waves of Unchanging Form in a
Dispersive Medium
14. Stokes’ Drift.
15. Waves at a Density Interface between Infinitely Deep Fluids.
16. Waves in a Finite Layer Overlying an Infinitely Deep Fluid..
17. Shallow Layer Overlying an Infinitely Deep Fluid
18. Equations of Motion for a Continuously Stratified Fluid.
19. Internal Waves in a Continuously Stratified Fluid.
20. Dispersion of Internal Waves in a Stratified Fluid.
21. Energy Considerations of Internal Waves in a Stratified Fluid
Exercises.
Literature Cited.
Chapter 8
Dynamic Similarity
1. Introduction
2. Nondimensional Parameters Determined from Differential
Equations
3. Dimensional Matrix
4. Buckingham’s Pi Theorem
5. Nondimensional Parameters and Dynamic Similarity
6. Comments on Model Testing
7. Significance of Common Nondimensional Parameters.
Exercises.
Literature Cited.
Supplemental Reading
Chapter 9
Laminar Flow
1. Introduction
2. Analogy between Heat and Vorticity Diffusion
3. Pressure Change Due to Dynamic Effects.
4. Steady Flow between Parallel Plates
5. Steady Flow in a Pipe
6. Steady Flow between Concentric Cylinders
7. Impulsively Started Plate: Similarity Solutions
8. Diffusion of a Vortex Sheet.
9. Decay of a Line Vortex
10. Flow Due to an Oscillating Plate.
11. High and Low Reynolds Number Flows
12. Creeping Flow around a Sphere.
13. Nonuniformity of Stokes’ Solution and Oseen’s Improvement
14. Hele-Shaw Flow
15. Final Remarks
Exercises..
Literature Cited.
Supplemental Reading
Chapter 10
Boundary Layers and Related Topics
1. Introduction
2. Boundary Layer Approximation
3. Different Measures of Boundary Layer Thickness
4. Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate with a Sink at the Leading Edge:
Closed Form Solution
5. Boundary Layer on a Flat Plate: Blasius Solution
6. von Karman Momentum Integral
7. Effect of Pressure Gradient
8. Separation
9. Description of Flow past a Circular Cylinder
10. Description of Flow past a Sphere
11. Dynamics of Sports Balls
12. Two-Dimensional Jets
13. Secondary Flows
14. Perturbation Techniques
15. An Example of a Regular Perturbation Problem
16. An Example of a Singular Perturbation Problem
17. Decay of a Laminar Shear Layer
Exercises..
Literature Cited…
Supplemental Reading
Chapter 11
Computational Fluid Dynamics
1. Introduction
2. Finite Difference Method
3. Finite Element Method
4. Incompressible Viscous Fluid Flow
5. Three Examples..
6. Concluding Remarks
Exercises..
Literature Cited
Chapter 12
Instability
1. Introduction
2. Method of Normal Modes.
3. Thermal Instability: The Bénard Problem.
4. Double-Diffusive Instability
5. Centrifugal Instability: Taylor Problem
6. Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability
7. Instability of Continuously Stratified Parallel Flows.
8. Squire’s Theorem and Orr-Sommerfeld Equation.
9. Inviscid Stability of Parallel Flows.
10. Some Results of Parallel Viscous Flows
11. Experimental Verification of Boundary Layer Instability
12. Comments on Nonlinear Effects
13. Transition
14. Deterministic Chaos..
Exercises..
Literature Cited..
Chapter 13
Turbulence
1. Introduction
2. Historical Notes.
3. Averages
4. Correlations and Spectra.
5. Averaged Equations of Motion
6. Kinetic Energy Budget of Mean Flow
7. Kinetic Energy Budget of Turbulent Flow
8. Turbulence Production and Cascade.
9. Spectrum of Turbulence in Inertial Subrange.
10. Wall-Free Shear Flow
11. Wall-Bounded Shear Flow
12. Eddy Viscosity and Mixing Length
13. Coherent Structures in a Wall Layer.
14. Turbulence in a Stratified Medium
15. Taylor’s Theory of Turbulent Dispersion.
16. Concluding Remarks
Exercises…
Literature Cited..
Supplemental Reading
Chapter 14
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics
1. Introduction
2. Vertical Variation of Density in Atmosphere and Ocean
3. Equations of Motion
4. Approximate Equations for a Thin Layer on a Rotating Sphere..
5. Geostrophic Flow
6. Ekman Layer at a Free Surface
7. Ekman Layer on a Rigid Surface
8. Shallow-Water Equations
9. Normal Modes in a Continuously Stratified Layer
10. High- and Low-Frequency Regimes in Shallow-Water
Equations
11. Gravity Waves with Rotation
12. Kelvin Wave.
13. Potential Vorticity Conservation in Shallow-Water
Theory
14. Internal Waves
15. Rossby Wave
16. Barotropic Instability
17. Baroclinic Instability
18. Geostrophic Turbulence
Exercises.
Literature Cited..
Chapter 15
Aerodynamics
1. Introduction
2. The Aircraft and Its Controls
3. Airfoil Geometry..
4. Forces on an Airfoil
5. Kutta Condition
6. Generation of Circulation
7. Conformal Transformation for Generating Airfoil Shape
8. Lift of Zhukhovsky Airfoil
9. Wing of Finite Span
10. Lifting Line Theory of Prandtl and Lanchester
11. Results for Elliptic Circulation Distribution
12. Lift and Drag Characteristics of Airfoils
13. Propulsive Mechanisms of Fish and Birds
14. Sailing against the Wind
Exercises..
Literature Cited..
Supplemental Reading
Chapter 16
Compressible Flow
1. Introduction
2. Speed of Sound.
3. Basic Equations for One-Dimensional Flow.
4. Stagnation and Sonic Properties
5. Area-Velocity Relations in One-Dimensional Isentropic Flow
6. Normal Shock Wave.
7. Operation of Nozzles at Different Back Pressures,
8. Effects of Friction and Heating in Constant-Area Ducts
9. Mach Cone.
10. Oblique Shock Wave
11. Expansion and Compression in Supersonic Flow
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