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Modern science 1896 1945 1st Edition by Diane Kit Moser, Ray Spangenburg ISBN 081606881X 9780816068814

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Author(s): Moser, Diane Kit; Spangenburg, Ray
ISBN(s): 9780816068814, 081606881X
Edition: Revised
File Details: PDF, 2.34 MB
Year: 2004
Language: english
SKU: EB-5430756 Category: Tags: , , ,

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ISBN 10: 081606881X 
ISBN 13: 9780816068814
Author:  Diane Kit Moser, Ray Spangenburg

Examining the first half of the 20th century, this volume surveys the most significant scientific discoveries of an era that witnessed dramatic and unsettling changes in science. Articulating the development and impact of science from one century to the next, Modern Science: 1896-1945 deals with the significant work of scientists such as Bohr, Einstein, and Planck. It also looks at key discoveries in the physical and biological sciences and discusses the questions raised by two world wars about the humanity and the ethical use of the products of scientific discovery.

Modern science 1896 1945 1st Table of contents:

Part I: The Foundations of 20th-Century Science (1896 – c. 1914)

  • Chapter 1: The “Fin de Siècle” Crisis in Physics and Chemistry
    • The end of classical physics (Maxwell, Newton’s limits).
    • Discovery of X-rays (Roentgen, 1895) and Radioactivity (Becquerel, Curies, 1896-1903).
    • The electron (J.J. Thomson, 1897) and early atomic models.
  • Chapter 2: The Quantum Revolution Begins
    • Planck’s quantum hypothesis (1900) and black-body radiation.
    • Einstein’s “Annus Mirabilis” (1905): Photoelectric effect, Brownian motion, Special Relativity.
    • Rutherford’s atomic nucleus (1911) and Bohr’s atomic model (1913).
  • Chapter 3: Genetics, Evolution, and the Rise of Modern Biology
    • Rediscovery of Mendel’s laws (1900).
    • The concept of the gene and chromosome theory (T.H. Morgan).
    • Early biochemistry and enzyme studies.
  • Chapter 4: Medicine, Public Health, and Industrial Chemistry
    • Advancements in bacteriology and immunology (e.g., Ehrlich, vaccines).
    • Early drug development and synthetic chemistry (e.g., aspirin).
    • The growth of industrial research and development.

Part II: Science in a Turbulent World (1914 – c. 1939)

  • Chapter 5: Science in the Great War (WWI)
    • The mobilization of science for warfare: chemical weapons, communications.
    • Impact of war on scientific communities and international collaboration.
  • Chapter 6: The Consolidation of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity
    • The development of full quantum mechanics (Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Dirac).
    • General Relativity (Einstein, 1915) and its experimental validation.
    • The debate on the interpretation of quantum mechanics (Copenhagen Interpretation).
  • Chapter 7: Expanding Cosmic and Geological Views
    • Hubble’s discovery of the expanding universe (1920s).
    • Advances in astrophysics and cosmology.
    • The theory of continental drift (Wegener) and geology.
  • Chapter 8: Molecular Structures and New Materials in Chemistry
    • Understanding of molecular bonds and crystallography.
    • The emergence of polymer science.
    • Synthetic materials and their industrial impact.
  • Chapter 9: The Modern Synthesis in Biology and Medical Progress
    • Integration of genetics, evolution, and natural selection (the Modern Synthesis).
    • Vitamins and nutrition research.
    • Early developments leading to antibiotics (e.g., Fleming’s discovery of penicillin, though mass production is later).

Part III: Science on the Brink of the Atomic Age (1930s – 1945)

  • Chapter 10: The Dawn of Nuclear Physics
    • Discovery of the neutron (Chadwick, 1932).
    • Nuclear fission (Hahn, Strassmann, Meitner, Frisch, 1938-1939).
    • Early theoretical work on nuclear chain reactions.
  • Chapter 11: The Professionalization and Institutionalization of Science
    • Growth of government funding for research.
    • The rise of “big science” and large research teams.
    • The relationship between industry, academia, and government.
  • Chapter 12: Science in World War II
    • The Manhattan Project: organization, scientific challenges, ethical considerations.
    • Development of radar, sonar, and code-breaking (e.g., Bletchley Park).
    • Advancements in rocketry and aviation.
    • Wartime medical breakthroughs (e.g., mass production of penicillin).
  • Chapter 13: The Ethical and Societal Implications of Wartime Science
    • The moral dilemma of nuclear weapons.
    • The increased reliance on scientists for national security.
    • The changing public perception of science and its power.

Conclusion:

  • Chapter 14: Legacy and Transformation
    • How the period 1896-1945 fundamentally reshaped the nature of scientific inquiry.
    • The seeds sown for post-war scientific developments (e.g., Cold War science, molecular biology).

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