Logic and Philosophy A Modern Introduction Eleventh Edition by Alan Hausman, Howard Kahane, Paul Tidman ISBN 978-0495602903 0495602906

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Product details: 

ISBN 10:  0495602906

ISBN 13: 978-0495602903

Author: Alan Hausman, Howard Kahane, Paul Tidman 

Table of contents: 

Introduction

1. The Elements of an Argument

2. Deduction and Induction

3. Deductive Argument Forms

4. Truth and Validity

5. Soundness

6. Consistency

7. Contexts of Discovery and Justification

8. The Plan of This Book
   Key Terms

Part I: Sentential Logic
9. Symbolizing in Sentential Logic (Atomic and Compound Sentences)
10. Truth-Functions (Conjunctions, Non-Truth-Functional Connectives, Variables & Constants, Negations, Parentheses & Brackets, Use and Mention)
11. Disjunctions; “Not Both” and “Neither … Nor”; Material Conditionals; Material Biconditionals; “Only If” and “Unless”; Symbolizing Complex Sentences; Alternative Sentential-Logic Symbols
Key Terms
12. Truth Tables (Computing Truth-Values, Logical Form, Tautologies, Contradictions, Contingent Sentences, Logical Equivalences)
13. Truth Table Test of Validity; Truth Table Test of Consistency; Validity and Consistency; The Short Truth Table Test for Invalidity; The Short Truth Table Test for Consistency; A Method of Justification for the Truth Tables
Key Terms
14. Proofs (Argument Forms; The Method of Proof: Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens; Disjunctive Syllogism and Hypothetical Syllogism; Simplification and Conjunction; Addition and Constructive Dilemma; Principles of Strategy; Double Negation and DeMorgan’s Theorem; Commutation, Association, and Distribution; Contraposition, Implication, and Exportation; Tautology and Equivalence; More Principles of Strategy; Common Errors in Problem Solving)
Key Terms
15. Conditional and Indirect Proofs (Conditional Proofs; Indirect Proofs; Strategy Hints for Using CP and IP; Zero-Premise Deductions; Proving Premises Inconsistent; Adding Valid Argument Forms; An Alternative to Conditional Proof?; The Completeness and Soundness of Sentential Logic; Introduction and Elimination Rules)
Key Terms
16. Sentential Logic Truth Trees (The Sentential Logic Truth Tree Method; The Truth Tree Rules; Details of Tree Construction; Normal Forms and Trees; Constructing Tree Rules for Any Function)
Key Terms

Part II: Predicate Logic
17. Predicate Logic Symbolization (Individuals and Properties; Quantifiers and Free Variables; Universal Quantifiers; Existential Quantifiers; Basic Predicate Logic Symbolizations; The Square of Opposition; Common Pitfalls in Symbolizing with Quantifiers; Expansions; Symbolizing “Only,” “None but,” and “Unless”)
Key Terms
18. Predicate Logic Semantics (Interpretations in Predicate Logic; Proving Invalidity; Using Expansions to Prove Invalidity; Consistency in Predicate Logic; Validity and Inconsistency in Predicate Logic)
Key Terms
19. Predicate Logic Proofs (Proving Validity; The Four Quantifier Rules; The Five Main Restrictions; Precise Formulation of the Four Quantifier Rules; Mastering the Four Quantifier Rules)
20. Quantifier Negation
Key Term
21. Relational Predicate Logic (Relational Predicates; Symbolizations Containing Overlapping Quantifiers; Expansions and Overlapping Quantifiers; Places and Times; Symbolizing “Someone,” “Somewhere,” “Sometime,” and So On; Invalidity and Consistency in Relational Predicate Logic; Relational Predicate Logic Proofs; Strategy for Relational Predicate Logic Proofs)
22. Predicate Logic Metatheory (A Simpler Set of Quantifier Rules; Rationale Behind the Precise Formulation of the Four Quantifier Rules; Cases Involving the Five Major Restrictions; One-to-One Correspondence Matters; Accidentally Bound Variables and Miscellaneous Cases; Predicate Logic Proofs with Flagged Constants)
23. Predicate Logic Truth Trees (Introductory Remarks; General Features of the Method; Specific Examples of the Method; Some Advantages of the Trees; Example of an Invalid Argument with at Least One Open Path; Metatheoretic Results; Strategy and Accounting)
Key Terms
24. Identity and Philosophical Problems of Symbolic Logic (Identity; Definite Descriptions; Properties of Relations; Higher-Order Logics; Limitations of Predicate Logic; Philosophical Problems)
Key Terms

Part III: Syllogistic Logic
25. Syllogistic Logic (Categorical Propositions; Existential Import; The Square of Opposition; Conversion, Obversion, Contraposition; Syllogistic Logic – Not Assuming Existential Import; Venn Diagrams; Syllogisms; Determining Syllogism Validity; Venn Diagram Proofs of Validity or Invalidity; Five Rules for Determining Validity or Invalidity; Syllogistics Extended; Enthymemes; Sorites; Technical Restrictions and Limitations; Modern Logic and Syllogistic Logic Compared)
Key Terms

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