The Logic of Knowledge Bases 1st Edition by Hector Levesque, Gerhard Lakemeyer ISBN 0262122320 978-0262122320

The Logic of Knowledge Bases 1st Edition by Hector J. Levesque, Gerhard Lakemeyer – Ebook PDF Instant Download/Delivery:  0262122320, 978-0262122320
Full download The Logic of Knowledge Bases 1st Edition after payment

Product details: 

ISBN 10:  0262122320

ISBN 13:  978-0262122320

Author:  Hector J. Levesque, Gerhard Lakemeyer
This book describes in detail the relationship between symbolic representations of knowledge and abstract states of knowledge, exploring along the way the foundations of knowledge, knowledge bases, knowledge-based systems, and knowledge representation and reasoning.The idea of knowledge bases lies at the heart of symbolic, or “traditional,” artificial intelligence. A knowledge-based system decides how to act by running formal reasoning procedures over a body of explicitly represented knowledge—a knowledge base. The system is not programmed for specific tasks; rather, it is told what it needs to know and expected to infer the rest.This book is about the logic of such knowledge bases. It describes in detail the relationship between symbolic representations of knowledge and abstract states of knowledge, exploring along the way the foundations of knowledge, knowledge bases, knowledge-based systems, and knowledge representation and reasoning. Assuming some familiarity with first-order predicate logic, the book offers a new mathematical model of knowledge that is general and expressive yet more workable in practice than previous models. The book presents a style of semantic argument and formal analysis that would be cumbersome or completely impractical with other approaches. It also shows how to treat a knowledge base as an abstract data type, completely specified in an abstract way by the knowledge-level operations defined over it.

Table of contents: 

PART I

1 Introduction

1.1 Knowledge

Propositions

1.1.2 Belief

1.1.3 Representation

1.1.4 Reasoning

1.2 Why knowledge representation and reasoning?

1.2.1 Knowledge-based systems

1.2.2 Why knowledge representation?

1.2.3 Why reasoning?

1.3 Knowledge representation systems

1.3.1 The knowledge and symbol levels

1.3.2 A functional view: TELL and ASK

1.3.3 The interaction language

1.4 The rest of the book

1.5 Bibliographic notes

1.6 Exercises

2 A First-Order Logical Language

2.1 Why first-order logic?

2.2 Why standard names?

2.3 The syntax of the language

2.4 Domain of quantification

2.5 World state

2.6 Term and formula semantic evaluation

2.7 Satisfiability, implication and validity

2.8 Properties of logic L

2.9 Why a proof theory for L?

2.10 Universal generalization

2.11 The proof theory

2.12 Example derivation

2.13 Bibliographic notes

2.14 Exercises

3 An Epistemic Logical Language

3.1 Why not just use £?

3.2 Known vs. potential instances

3.3 Three approaches to incomplete knowledge

3.4 The language KC

3.5 Possible worlds

3.6 Objective knowledge in possible worlds

3.7 Meta-knowledge and some simplifications

3.8 The semantics of KL

3.9 Bibliographic notes

3.10 Exercises

4 Logical Properties of Knowledge

4.1 Knowledge and truth

4.2 Knowledge and validity

4.3 Known individuals

4.4 An axiom system for KC

4.5 A Completeness proof

4.5.1 Part 1

4.5.2 Part 2

4.5.3 Variant systems

4.6 Reducibility

4.7 Bibliographic notes

4.8 Exercises

5 The TELL and ASK Operations

5.1 Overview

5.2 The ASK operation

5.3 The initial epistemic state: eo

5.4 The monotonicity of knowledge

5.5 The TELL operation

5.6 Closed world assertions

5.7 A detailed example

5.7.1 Examples of ASK

5.7.2 Examples of TELL

5.8 Other operations

5.8.1 Definitions

5.8.2 Wh-questions

5.9 Bibliographic notes

5.10 Exercises

6 Knowledge Bases as Representations of Epistemic States

6.1 Equivalent epistemic states

6.2 Representing knowledge symbolically

6.3 Some epistemic states are not representable

6.4 Representable states are sufficient

6.5 Finite representations are not sufficient

6.6 Representability and TELL

6.7 Bibliographic notes

6.8 Exercises

7 The Representation Theorem

7.1 The method

7.2 Representing the known instances of a formula

7.3 Reducing arbitrary sentences to objective terms

7.4 TELL and ASK at the symbol level

7.5 The example KB reconsidered

7.6 Wh-questions at the symbol level

7.7 Bibliographic notes

7.8 Exercises

8 Only-Knowing

8.1 The logic of answers

8.2 The language OL

8.3 Some properties of OL

8.4 Characterizing ASK and TELL

8.5 Determinate sentences

8.6 Bibliographic notes

8.7 Exercises

PART II

9 Only-Knowing and Autoepistemic Logic

9.1 Examples of autoepistemic reasoning in OL

9.2 Stable sets and stable expansions

9.3 Relation to stable sets

9.4 Relation to stable expansions

9.5 Computing stable expansions

9.6 Non-reducibility of OL

9.7 Generalized stability

9.8 Bibliographic notes

9.9 Where do we go from here?

9.10 Exercises

10 On the Proof Theory of OL

10.1 Knowing at least and at most

10.2 Some example derivations

10.3 Propositional completeness

10.4 Incompleteness

10.5 Bibliographic notes

10.6 Where do we go from here?

10.7 Exercises

11 Only-Knowing-About

11.1 The logic of only-knowing-about

11.1.1 A formal semantics

11.1.2 Some properties of only-knowing-about

11.1.3 Prime implicates

11.2 ASK and TELL

11.3 Relevance

11.4 Bibliographic notes

11.5 Where do we go from here?

11.6 Exercises

12 Avoiding Logical Omniscience

12.1 The propositional case

12.1.1 A proof theory

12.1.2 Computing explicit belief

12.2 The first-order case

12.2.1 Some properties

12.2.2 Deciding belief implication

12.3 Bibliographic notes

12.4 Where do we go from here?

12.5 Exercises

13 The logic EOL.

13.1 Semantics

13.1.1 Equality

13.1.2 Nested explicit belief

13.1.3 Explicitly only-knowing

13.2 Some properties of EOL

13.3 Representing the explicitly believed instances of a formula

13.4 Reducing arbitrary sentences to objective terms

13.5 Decidability results

13.6 ASK and TELL

13.6.1 ASK

13.6.2 TELL

13.6.3 Decidability

13.6.4 Examples of ASK

13.7 Bibliographic notes

13.8 Where do we go from here?

13.9 Exercises

14 Knowledge and Action

14.1 A theory of action

14.1.1 Action preconditions

14.1.2 Action sensing

14.1.3 Action effects

14.1.4 The frame problem and a solution

14.1.5 Basic action theories

14.2 The logic AOL

14.3 Knowledge after action

14.3.1 An informal characterization

14.3.2 Knowing in AOL

14.3.3 Only-knowing in AOL

14.4 Using AOL

14.5 An axiomatization of AOL

14.6 Bibliographic notes

14.7 Where do we go from here?

14.8 Exercises

People also search for:

    
a logical system that bases knowledge on direct systematic observation
    
bases of knowledge
    
what is the basis of logic
    
basic knowledge of logic and 2
    
how do we use logic to acquire knowledge

Tags: Hector Levesque, Gerhard Lakemeyer, The Logic, Knowledge Bases