Clinical examination and applied medicine Gastroenterology series Volume I 1st Edition by Mushtaq Haroon ISBN 978-1946646934 1946646938

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ISBN 10:   1946646938

ISBN 13: 978-1946646934

Author: Mushtaq Haroon

This is the first in a series of books dealing simultaneously with examination technique with detail pathophysiological principles, differential diagnosis and clinical interpretation, along with applied medicine about the common gastrointestinal diseases. Medical students or postgraduates will learn history taking, clinical examination and find relevant applied medical knowledge needed for bedside assessment of the patient. The hope is that the book will guide towards a correct diagnosis by history and examination, but also provide relevant differential diagnosis, localize the disease and identify the cause. This book intends to fill this gap and inspire the reader to gain confidence not only in the performance of the examination but also to answer most bedside queries and problems. It will serve as an indispensable resource for preparation of undergraduate and postgraduate viva and short and long case examination. This text is not a replacement for standard textbooks on the subject, but should serve as collection of facts and relevant details in the clinical assessment of the patient. This book is complemented by a second volume, in which numerous diagrams and figures have been included to stimulate understanding and learning along with a picture test and MCQ.

Table of contents: 

Part I

Introduction and History Taking

Introduction

History taking

Physical findings

Diagnosis

Objective of history taking

Introductory remarks

History taking

Presenting complaints

History of presenting illness

Epigastric pain

Direct questions

Past history

Family history

Personal history

Socioeconomic status

Occupational history

History of Allergy and immunization

Travel history

Treatment history

Concluding remarks

Objective of examination

Common GI symptoms

Abdominal pain

Nausea and vomiting

Hematemesis

Hematochezia

Occult blood loss

Anorexia

Heartburn

Dysphagia

Globus pharyngus

Flatulence

Dyspepsia

Halitosis

Diarrhea

Malabsorption

Constipation

Early satiety

Pruritus

Fever

Weight loss

Part II

General Physical Examination

Nutritional status and obesity

Body mass index

Co-morbidities

Secondary causes of obesity

Minimum screening

Vitamins

Anemia

Definition

Examination

History

Etiology

Blood loss

Dyserythropoietic anemia

Hemolytic anemia

Other causes of anemia

Causes of folic acid deficiency

Causes of B12 deficiency anemia

Other causes of macrocytic anemia

Clinical Features

Laboratory features of iron deficiency

Laboratory features of macrocytic anemia

Jaundice

Definition

Pathophysiology

Hepatic jaundice

Obstructive jaundice

Hemolytic vs. obstructive jaundice

Causes of hemolytic jaundice

Clubbing

Definition

Clinical presentation

Demonstration

Clinical stages

Pathogenesis

Causes of clubbing

Other types of clubbing

Etiology of clubbing

Peripheral edema

Definition

Examination

Causes of edema

Disease-focused examination

Signs of liver cell failure

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Chronic malabsorption

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

Celiac disease

Inflammatory bowel disease

Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

Skin examination

Hands examination

Eyes examination

Neck examination

Oral examination

Examination of the lips

Examination of the mouth

Examination of the teeth and gums

Examination of the tongue

Examination of the Throat

Inspection

Prerequisites of examination

Regions of abdomen

Parameters of inspection

Diagrammatic representation of findings

1. Shape of Abdomen

2. Abdominal Movements

3. Epigastric Pulsations

4. Pigmentation and Rashes

5. Streaks

6. Prominent Veins

7. Visible Peristalsis

8. Pubic Hair

9. Umbilicus

10. Hernial Orifices

11. Scars and Tap Marks

12. Surgical incisions

Palpation

Initial Requirements

Scheme of Palpation

Types of Palpation

Description of a mass

Localization of disease

Diagrammatic representation of findings

Rebound tenderness rigidity and guarding

Acute abdomen

Liver

Surface Anatomy

Palpation

Applied medicine

Causes of enlarged and tender liver

Causes of hepatomegaly

Cirrhosis

Causes of cirrhosis

Types of cirrhosis

Finding on examination in cirrhosis

Parameters of decompansated cirrhosis

Complications of cirrhosis

Child Trucotte classification

MELD score

Cirrhosis and mortality

Investigations in cirrhosis

Portal hypertension

Classification of portal hypertension

Hepatic encephalopathy

Hepatic encephalopathy stages

Precipitating causes of encephalopathy

Differential diagnosis of altered metal state

Ascites in cirrhosis

Sudden worsening of ascites

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Acute hepatitis

Causes of acute hepatitis

Diagnosis of acute hepatitis

Viral hepatitis A

Viral hepatitis B

Viral hepatitis C

Viral hepatitis D

Viral hepatitis E

Acute fulminant hepatitis

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Liver abscess

Liver mass

Investigation of liver mass

Liver hemangioma

Focal nodular hyperplasia

Hepatic adenoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Metastasis

Autoimmune hepatitis

NAFLD

Alcoholic liver disease

Hepato-renal syndrome

Wilson’s disease

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Congestive hepatomegaly

Hereditary hemochromatosis

Spleen

Surface Anatomy

Palpation

Applied medicine

Splenomegaly

Hypersplenism

Splenectomy

Splenic infarction

Kidneys

Palpation

Differential diagnosis of right kidney

Differential diagnosis from spleen

Applied medicine

Renal tenderness

Chronic kidney disease

Causes of renal mass

Hematuria

Gallbladder

Palpation

Murphy’s sign

Enlarged bladder with jaundice

Enlarged bladder without jaundice

Applied medicine

Acute cholecystitis

Gallbladder tumors

Stomach and Esophagus

Applied medicine

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Tags: Mushtaq Haroon, Clinical examination, applied medicine Gastroenterology