Terrestrial Global Productivity Physiological Ecology 1st Edition by Jacques Roy, Harold Mooney, Bernard Saugier ISBN 978-0125052900 0125052901

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ISBN 10:  0125052901

ISBN 13: 978-0125052900

Author: Jacques Roy, Harold A. Mooney, Bernard Saugier

As the global climate changes, there are concomitant changes in global biological productivity. This book is devoted to the assessment of terrestrial Net Primary Productivity (“the total amount of energy acquired by green plants during photosynthesis, minus the energy lost through respiration”–APDS&T, pp. 1457). The book is comprised of three major sections. The first section is a review of the processes that operate globally to influence productivity–these are the initial conditions of any model of primary productivity. The second section is comprised of chapters that assess the contribution of particular ecosystems to global productivity. The final major section contains chapters of a synthetic nature that describe attempts to model global productivity. This book should appeal to both ecologists and environmental scientists.

Table of contents: 

1. Terrestrial Primary Productivity: Definitions and Milestones
Jacques Roy and Bernard Saugier

Part I – Component Processes
2. Canopy Photosynthesis: History, Measurements, and Models
Dennis D. Baldocchi and Jeffrey S. Amthor

I. Introduction

II. History

III. Current Theoretical Concepts

IV. Processes: Response of Canopy Photosynthesis to External Forcings

V. Canopy Photosynthesis in the Future

VI. Research Directions

References

3. Terrestrial Higher Plant Respiration and Net Primary Production
Jeffrey S. Amthor and Dennis D. Baldocchi

I. Plant Respiration in Relation to Terrestrial Ecosystem Net Primary Production

II. Regulation of Respiration Rate

III. The Fundamental (Semi) Mechanistic Model of Plant Respiration

IV. Respiration following and during Photosynthesis

V. Respiration in Leaves, Stems, and Roots

VI. Respiration in Comparison to Photosynthesis at the Ecosystem Scale

VII. Optimum Leaf Area Index: Does It Exist?

VIII. Big Trees and Declining Forest Net Primary Production

IX. Respiratory Responses to Environmental Change: The Future

X. Summary

References

4. Phenology, Growth, and Allocation in Global Terrestrial Productivity
Robert B. Jackson, Martin J. Lechowicz, Xia Li, and Harold A. Mooney

I. Introduction

II. Phenology

III. Growth and Allocation

IV. Future Directions

V. Summary and Conclusions

References

5. From Plant Soil: Litter Production and Decomposition
Richard Joffre and Göran I. Ågren

I. Introduction

II. Litter Inputs: Quantity and Quality

III. From Plant Organic Matter to Soil Organic Matter

IV. Research Needs

V. Concluding Remarks

References

6. Herbivory and Trophic Interactions
Sam J. McNaughton

I. Introduction

II. Herbivores and Trophic Relations in Global Evolutionary Context

III. Herbivory and the Environment

IV. Plant Architecture

V. Tri-trophic Interactions

VI. Trophic Interactions and Plant Community Composition

VII. Grazing and Detritus Food Webs in a Global Biome Context

VIII. Resolving a Dilemma: Remote Sensing, Herbivory, and Trophic Interactions

IX. Conclusions

References

7. Water, Nitrogen, Rising Atmospheric CO₂, and Terrestrial Productivity
Denis Loustau, Bruce Hungate, and Bert G. Drake

I. Introduction

II. The Constraints

III. Effects of Water Regime on Net Primary Production

IV. Effects of CO₂ on NPP and NEP

V. Interactions between CO₂ and Nutrients

VI. Interactions between Water Regime and CO₂ Concentrations

VII. Interactions between CO₂, Water, and Nitrogen

References

8. How Does Biodiversity Control Primary Productivity?
Jacques Roy

I. Introduction

II. Productivity and Species Diversity at Different Spatial Scales

III. Impact of Plant Species and Functional Group Diversity on Intensity of Ecosystem Fluxes

IV. Mechanisms Relating Plant Diversity and Flux Intensity

V. Impact of Plant Diversity on the Stability of Ecosystem Fluxes

VI. Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Part II – Ecosystem Productive Performance
9. Productivity of Arctic Ecosystems
Gaius Shaver and Sven Jonasson

I. Introduction

II. Environment

III. Primary Production and Net Ecosystem Production

IV. Environmental Controls, Direct and Indirect

V. Effects of Species Composition

VI. Short- versus Long-Term Controls

VII. Priorities for New Research

References

10. Productivity of Boreal Forests
Paul G. Jarvis, Bernard Saugier, and E.-Detlef Schulze

I. Introduction

II. Nature and Extent of Boreal Forests

III. Recent Research Programs

IV. Biophysical Properties

V. Evaporation, Transpiration, and Climate

VI. Biomass and Productivity

VII. Production Processes

VIII. Stand Annual Carbon Balance

IX. Radiation Use Efficiency

X. Regional Production and Sensitivity to Global Change

XI. Summary

References

11. Productivity of Evergreen and Deciduous Temperate Forests
Peter B. Reich and Paul Bolstad

I. Nature and Extent of Temperate Forests

II. Productivity Values

III. Control on ANPP Due to Water, Soils, Disturbance, and Vegetation Type

IV. Component and Total Carbon Flux and Scaling Relations

V. Human Impacts on Production

VI. Summary

References

12. Productivity of Temperate Grasslands
Osvaldo E. Sala

I. Introduction

II. Productivity Patterns and Controls

III. Secondary Productivity Patterns and Control

IV. Grassland Primary Production, Carbon Balance, and Global Change

References

13. Productivity of Agro-ecosystems
Jan Goudriaan, J. J. Rob Goot, and Peter W. J. Uithol

I. Introduction

II. Potential and Actual Net Primary Production

III. Primary Productivity of Agriculture

IV. Time Trends in Productivity, Nitrogen Uptake, and Fertilizer Use

V. Who Consumes the Production?

VI. Discussion

VII. Summary

References

14. Hierarchy and Productivity of Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems
Serge Rambal

I. Nature and Extent of Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems

II. Productivity in Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems

III. Scaling Up Leaf Production

IV. Environmental Limitations on NPP

V. The Threats of Global Change

VI. Summary

References

15. Productivity of Deserts
James R. Ehleringer

I. Nature and Extent of Deserts

II. Standing Biomass and Aboveground Net Primary Productivity Rates

III. Seasonality Components of Net Primary Production

IV. Human Impacts on Primary Productivity in Desert Regions

V. Anticipated Impacts of Global Change on Deserts

VI. Conclusions

References

16. Productivity of Tropical Savannas and Grasslands
Jo I. House and David O. Hall

I. Introduction

II. Definition

III. Extent

IV. Plant Composition: Structural and Functional Variability

V. Estimates of Biomass and Productivity

VI. Biophysical Properties, Fluxes, and Efficiencies

VII. Environmental Determinants

VIII. Human Influence

IX. Climate Change

X. Summary

References

17. Productivity of Tropical Rain Forests
John Grace, Yadvinder Malhi, Niro Higuchi, and Patrick Meir

I. The Nature and Extent of Tropical Rain Forests

II. Production Values

III. Components of Production

IV. Estimate of Global Productivity

V. Human and Environmental Impacts

VI. Research Needs

References

Part III – Global Productivity
18. Determining Present Patterns of Global Productivity
Wolfgang Cramer, Richard J. Olson, Stephen D. Prince, and Jonathan M. O. Scurlock

I. Introduction

II. The Nature of Available NPP Observations

III. Assessing Productivity at the Continental to Global Scale

IV. Outlook: Development of an Improved Database

References

19. Integrating Global Models of Terrestrial Primary Productivity
Philippe Ciais, Pierre Friedlingstein, Andrew Friend, and David S. Schimel

I. Introduction

II. Different Nature and Purposes of Global Models

III. Modeling Biospheric Processes

IV. Indirect Constraints on NPP from Remote-Sensed and Atmospheric Observations

V. Concluding Remarks

References

20. Reconstructing and Modeling Past Changes in Terrestrial Primary Productivity
Joël Guiot, I. Colin Prentice, Changhui Peng, Dominique Jolly, Fouzia Laarif, and Ben Smith

I. Introduction

II. Reconstruction of Vegetation Composition and NPP from Paleodata

III. Global Simulation of Vegetation and NPP

IV. Conclusions

References

21. Global Terrestrial Productivity and Carbon Balance
Richard A. Houghton

I. Introduction

II. Carbon Fluxes, 1850 to 1990

III. Carbon Fluxes, 1980 to 1995

IV. Future Changes in Carbon Storage and NPP Likely as a Result of Human Activity

V. Conclusions

References

22. Predicting the Future Productivity and Distribution of Global Terrestrial Vegetation
F. Ian Woodward, Mark R. Lomas, and Susan E. Lee

I. Introduction

II. Methods

III. Model Projections

IV. Model Projections for the 1860s to the 2090s

V. Summary

References

23. Estimations of Global Terrestrial Productivity: Converging toward a Single Number?
Bernard Saugier, Jacques Roy, and Harold A. Mooney

I. Introduction

II. Synthesis of Biome Data

III. Comparison of NPP and Phytomass Estimated by Different Methods

IV. Global Change-Induced Variations in NPP and NEP

V. Conclusions

References

Index
Previous Volumes in Series

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