Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering Volume 3 1st Edition by Myer Kutz ISBN 9781118647240 11186472

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Product details: 

ISBN 10: 11186472

ISBN 13: 9781118647240

Author: Myer Kutz 

A multidisciplinary reference of engineering measurement tools, techniques, and applications—Volume 1

“When you can measure what you are speaking about, and express it in numbers, you know something about it; but when you cannot measure it, when you cannot express it in numbers, your knowledge is of a meager and unsatisfactory kind; it may be the beginning of knowledge, but you have scarcely in your thoughts advanced to the stage of science.” — Lord Kelvin

Measurement falls at the heart of any engineering discipline and job function. Whether engineers are attempting to state requirements quantitatively and demonstrate compliance; to track progress and predict results; or to analyze costs and benefits, they must use the right tools and techniques to produce meaningful, useful data.

The Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering is the most comprehensive, up-to-date reference set on engineering measurements—beyond anything on the market today. Encyclopedic in scope, Volume 1 spans several disciplines—Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, and Industrial Engineering—and covers:

• New Measurement Techniques in Structural Health Monitoring
• Traffic Congestion Management
• Measurements in Environmental Engineering
• Dimensions, Surfaces, and Their Measurement
• Luminescent Method for Pressure Measurement
• Vibration Measurement
• Temperature Measurement
• Force Measurement
• Heat Transfer Measurements for Non-Boiling Two-Phase Flow
• Solar Energy Measurements
• Human Movement Measurements
• Physiological Flow Measurements
• GIS and Computer Mapping
• Seismic Testing of Highway Bridges
• Hydrology Measurements
• Mobile Source Emissions Testing
• Mass Properties Measurement
• Resistive Strain Measurement Devices
• Acoustics Measurements
• Pressure and Velocity Measurements
• Heat Flux Measurement
• Wind Energy Measurements
• Flow Measurement
• Statistical Quality Control
• Industrial Energy Efficiency
• Industrial Waste Auditing

Vital for engineers, scientists, and technical managers in industry and government, Handbook of Measurement in Science and Engineering will also prove ideal for members of major engineering associations and academics and researchers at universities and laboratories.

Table of contents: 

Part VII: Physics and Electrical Engineering
54. Laser Measurement Techniques
54.1 Introduction
54.1.1 History and Development of the MASER
54.1.2 Basic Laser Physics
54.1.3 Laser Beam Characteristics
54.1.4 Example: CO₂ Laser Pumped Far‐Infrared Gas Laser Systems
54.1.5 Heterodyned Detection
54.1.6 Transformation of Multimode Laser Beams from THz Quantum Cascade Lasers
54.1.7 Suggested Reading
54.2 Laser Measurements: Laser‐Based Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems
54.2.1 ISAR Theory
54.2.2 DFT in Radar Imaging
54.2.3 Signal Processing Considerations: Sampling Theory
54.2.4 Measurement Calibration
54.2.5 Example Terahertz Compact Radar Range
54.2.6 Suggested Reading
54.3 Laser Imaging Techniques
54.3.1 Imaging System Measurement Parameters
54.3.2 Terahertz Polarized Reflection Imaging of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
54.3.3 Confocal Imaging
54.3.4 Optical Coherence Tomography
54.3.5 Femtosecond Laser Imaging
54.3.6 Laser Raman Spectroscopy
54.3.7 Suggested Reading
References

55. Magnetic Force Images Using Capacitive Coupling Effect
55.1 Introduction
55.2 Experiment
55.2.1 Principle
55.2.2 Instrumentation
55.2.3 Approach
55.3 Results and Discussion
55.3.1 Separation of Topographic Features from Magnetic Force Images Using Capacitive Coupling Effect
55.3.2 Effects of Long‐Range Tip–Sample Interaction on Magnetic Force Imaging
55.4 Conclusion
References

56. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
56.1 Introduction
56.2 Theory of Operation
56.3 Measurement of the Tunnel Current
56.4 The Scanner
56.5 Operating Mode
56.6 Coarse Approach Mechanism
56.7 Summary
References

57. Measurement of Light and Color
57.1 Introduction
57.2 Lighting Terminology
57.2.1 Fundamental Light and Color Terms
57.2.2 Terms Describing the Amount and Distribution of Light
57.2.3 Terms Describing Lighting Technologies and Performance
57.2.4 Common Quantities Used in Lighting Specification
57.3 Basic Principles of Photometry and Colorimetry
57.3.1 Photometry
57.3.2 Colorimetry
57.4 Instrumentation
57.4.1 Illuminance Meters
57.4.2 Luminance Meters
57.4.3 Spectroradiometers
References

58. The Detection and Measurement of Ionizing Radiation
58.1 Introduction
58.2 Common Interactions of Ionizing Radiation
58.2.1 Radiation Interactions
58.3 The Measurement of Charge
58.3.1 Counting Statistics
58.3.2 The Two Measurement Modalities
58.4 Major Types of Detectors
58.4.1 Gas Detectors
58.4.2 Ionization Chambers
58.4.3 Proportional Counters
58.4.4 GM Detectors
58.4.5 Scintillators
58.4.6 Readout of Scintillation Light
58.4.7 Semiconductors
58.5 Neutron Detection
58.5.1 Thermal Neutron Detection
58.5.2 Fast Neutron Detection
58.6 Concluding Remarks
References

59. Measuring Time and Comparing Clocks
59.1 Introduction
59.2 A Generic Clock
59.3 Characterizing the Stability of Clocks and Oscillators
59.3.1 Worst‐Case Analysis
59.3.2 Statistical Analysis and the Allan Variance
59.3.3 Limitations of the Statistics
59.4 Characteristics of Different Types of Oscillators
59.5 Comparing Clocks and Oscillators
59.6 Noise Models
59.6.1 White Phase Noise
59.6.2 White Frequency Noise
59.6.3 Long‐Period Effects: Frequency Aging
59.6.4 Flicker Noise
59.7 Measuring Tools and Methods
59.8 Measurement Strategies
59.9 The Kalman Estimator
59.10 Transmitting Time and Frequency Information
59.10.1 Modeling the Delay
59.10.2 The Common‐View Method
59.10.3 The “Melting‐Pot” Version of Common View
59.10.4 Two‐Way Methods
59.10.5 The Two‐Color Method
59.11 Examples of the Measurement Strategies
59.11.1 The Navigation Satellites of the GPS
59.11.2 The One‐Way Method of Time Transfer
59.11.3 The Common‐View Method
59.11.4 Two‐Way Time Protocols
59.12 The Polling Interval
59.13 Error Detection
59.14 Cost–Benefit Analysis
59.15 The National Time Scale
59.16 Traceability
59.17 Summary
59.18 Bibliography
References

60. Laboratory‐Based Gravity Measurement
60.1 Introduction
60.2 Motivation
60.3 Parameterization
60.4 Current Status
60.4.1 Tests of the ISL
60.4.2 WEP Tests
60.4.3 Measurements of G
60.5 Torsion Pendulum Experiments
60.5.1 Principles and Sensitivity
60.5.2 Limitations
60.5.3 ISL Experiments
60.5.4 Future ISL Tests
60.5.5 WEP Tests
60.5.6 Measurements of G
60.6 Microoscillators and Submicron Tests
60.6.1 Microcantilevers
60.6.2 Very Short‐Range ISL Tests
60.7 Atomic and Nuclear Physics Techniques
Acknowledgements
References

61. Cryogenic Measurements
61.1 Introduction
61.2 Temperature
61.2.1 ITS‐90 Temperature Scale and Standards
61.2.2 Commercial Thermometers
61.2.3 Thermometer Use
61.2.4 Dynamic Temperature Measurements
61.3 Strain
61.3.1 Metal Alloy Strain Gages
61.3.2 Temperature Effects
61.3.3 Magnetic Field Effects
61.3.4 Measurement System
61.3.5 Dynamic Measurements
61.4 Pressure
61.4.1 Capacitance Pressure Sensors
61.4.2 Variable Reluctance Pressure Sensors
61.4.3 Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors
61.4.4 Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors
61.5 Flow
61.5.1 Positive Displacement Flowmeter
61.5.2 Angular Momentum Flowmeter
61.5.3 Turbine Flowmeter
61.5.4 Differential Pressure Flowmeter
61.5.5 Thermal or Calorimetric Flowmeter
61.5.6 Hot‐Wire Anemometer
61.6 Liquid Level
61.7 Magnetic Field
61.8 Conclusions
References

62. Temperature‐Dependent Fluorescence Measurements
62.1 Introduction
62.2 Advantages
62.3 Theory and Background
62.4 Laboratory Calibration
62.5 History
62.6 Representative Applications
62.6.1 Permanent Magnet Rotor
62.6.2 Turbine Engine Component
62.7 Two‐Dimensional and Time‐Dependent Measurements
62.8 Conclusion
References

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Tags: Myer Kutz, Handbook of Measurement, Science and Engineering