Groundwater Wells 3rd Edition by Robert Sterrett Phd ISBN 0978779304 978-0978779306
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ISBN 10: 0978779304
ISBN 13: 978-0978779306
Author: Robert J. Sterrett Phd
Table of contents:
Chapter 1. Introduction and Acknowledgments
Chapter 2. Occurrence of Groundwater and Aquifer Types
Types of Subsurface Water
Aquifers
Energy Contained in Groundwater
Unconfined Aquifers
Confined Aquifers
Aquifer Properties
Storage
Porosity
Specific Yield
Specific Retention
Storage Coefficient
Example
Hydraulic Conductivity
Groundwater Flow
Transmissivity
Grain-Size and Hydraulic Conductivity
Sediment-Size Classification
Other Ways to Describe Sediment Size
Slope and Shape of Curve
Permeameters
Laboratory Permeameters
Field Permeameters
Groundwater Flow Velocities
Measuring Groundwater Flow Velocities
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 3. Subsurface Exploration and Hydrogeologic Logging
Drilling to Obtain Formation Samples
Rotary-Drilling Methods
Casing-Advancement Drilling
Dual-Wall Drilling with Air or Water
Geolograph
Air Rotary Drilling Method Used to Evaluate Aquifer Production
Cable-Tool Drilling Method
Exploration Drilling Methods
Sonic Drilling
Dual-Wall Percussion Hammer Drilling
Hollow-Stem Auger Drilling
Direct-Push Drilling
Wireline-Core Drilling
Hydrogeologic Logging of Boreholes
Sample Collection
Sample Description
Depth
Aquifer or Formation
Unconsolidated Materials and Bedrock
Hardness
Color
Water Content
Other
Water-Level Data
Well-Log Software
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 4. Borehole Geophysics
The Borehole Environment
Electrical Logs
Spontaneous Potential Log
Resistance Log
Resistivity Log
Induction Log
Natural-Gamma Ray Log
Porosity Logs
Neutron Log
Gamma-Density Log
Sonic Log
Borehole Imaging Logs
Downhole Televising Log
Acoustic Televiewer
Optical Televiewer
Caliper Log
Alignment Logs
Flow Meters
Temperature Log
Borehole-Fluid Conductivity Log
Spinner Log
Heat-Pulse Flow Meter
Fluid Displacement Log
Well-Construction Evaluation Logs
Cement-Bond Log
Magnetic Flux Density Log
Geochemical Logs
Designing a Logging Program
Log Interpretation: The Standard E-Log Suite
Acknowledgment
Chapter 5. Groundwater Chemistry
Introduction
Chemical Properties of Groundwater
Units of Measurement in Analyses
Classes of Compounds and Analysis
Physical Properties of Groundwater
Conservative Elements
Dissolved Gases
Radionuclides
Reactive Major Elements
Redox-Sensitive Elements and Compounds
Trace Elements
Organic Compounds
Groundwater Sampling Methods and Handling
Data Analysis
Table
Bar Graph
Pie Chart
Trilinear Diagram
Pattern Analysis
Chemical Modeling
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 6. Aquifer-Test Data Collection and Analysis
Overview
Conducting an Aquifer Test
Maintaining Discharge
Measuring Drawdown in Wells
Observation Wells and Piezometers
Recovery Data
Aquifer-Test Analysis
Steady-State Flow in Confined and Unconfined Aquifers
Transient Flow in Confined Aquifers
Distance-Drawdown Analysis
Hydrogeologic Boundaries and Images
Recharge
Image Wells
Vertical Infiltration (Vertical Recharge)
Slow Drainage
Vertical Leakage
Wellbore Storage
Casing and Filter-Pack Storage
Partial Penetration
Well Efficiency and Well Loss
Analysis of Recovery Data
Variable-Rate Tests
Diagnostic Flow Plots
Step-Drawdown Tests
Analysis of Aquifer Tests Using Numerical Codes
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 7. Well-Drilling Methods
Direct Circulation Methods
Air and Mud Rotary Drilling
Underbalanced Rotary Drilling
Downhole Hammer Drilling
Casing Advancement Drilling Methods
Reverse Circulation Methods
Dual-Wall Air Rotary Drilling
Noncirculation Methods
Cable-Tool Drilling
Bucket Auger Drilling
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 8. Drilling Fluids
Types of Drilling Fluids
Water-Based Fluid
Natural Mud (Native Mud)
Air-Based Fluid Underbalanced Drilling
Aerated-Mud Underbalanced Drilling
Selecting a Drilling-Fluid System
Drilling Fluid Functions
Clean the Bit and the Borehole Bottom
Stabilize the Borehole
Cool and Lubricate the Drill Bit
Control Fluid Loss
Drop Cuttings into a Settling Pit
Provide Information About the Wellbore
Suspend Cuttings in the Borehole
Control the Formation
Maximize Productivity
Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids
Drilling-Fluid Density
Rheological Properties
Filtration
Treatment of Mix Water for Drilling Fluids
Sand Content
Design of Mud Pits
Mixing Additives into Water-Based Systems
Solids Control
Lost Circulation
Underbalanced Drilling
Air Drilling
Dry-Air Systems
Air-Mist Systems
Air-Foam Systems
Aerated Drilling Fluids
Drilling-Fluid Additives
Summary
Chapter 9. Production Water-Well Design
Introduction
General Considerations in Casing and Screen Design
Chemical-, Electrochemical-, and Microbial-Induced Corrosion
Well Design and Bacteria Management
The Well Casing
Pipe-Size Nomenclature
Casing Diameter
Telescope Casings and Well Depth
Selection of Casing Materials
Casing Strength Requirements
Joining Casing
Cementing
The Well Intake
Types of Well Screens
Continuous-Slot Screen Design
Sediment-Size Analysis
Screen Slot Size
Artificial Filter Pack
Steps in Designing a Filter Pack
Thickness of Filter Pack
Formation Stabilizer
Screen Strength
Screen Length
Screen Diameter
Screen Open Area
Special Considerations
Pump Placement
Pressure-Relief Screens
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 10. Water-Well Construction and Abandonment
Overview of Well Construction
Installing Casing
Casing and Joint Types
Joining Steel Casing
Joining Plastic Casing
Joining Fiberglass Casing
Grouting and Sealing a Well Casing
Cementing Tools and Products
Proportioning Cement Grout
Mixing Grout
Slurry Placement Methods
Casing Method
Installing Bentonite Grout
Grouting Failures
Testing the Grout Seal
Installing Well Screen
Setting Screen in Rotary-Drilled Wells
Packer Use in Screen Installation
Liner Hanger
Installing Prepack Screens-Muni-Pak™
Installing Polyvinyl Chloride Screens
Wash-Down Installation Methods
Installing Well Points
Pull-Back Installation Method
Filter Packing Wells
Tremie Pipe
Telltale Screen
Reverse Circulation
Direct Circulation
Filter-Pack Procedure for Telescoping Well Completion
Filter-Pack Procedure for Single-String Well Completion
Removing Well Screen
Well Plumbness and Alignment
Underground “Pitless” Discharge
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 11. Development of Water Wells
Aquifer Damage and Development Objectives
Aquifer Damage
Development Objectives
Factors that Affect Development
Well-Completion Methods
Natural Development
Filter Packing
Open Area and Slot Configuration
Drilling Fluid Type
Filter-Pack Thickness
Well-Development Process
Break Down and Remove Drilling Fluids
Mechanical Surging
Jetting with Water
High-Velocity Water Jetting
Water Jetting Combined withSimultaneous Pumping
Jetting with Air
Developing by Surging and Pumping with Air
Double Surge Block with Air Lift
Double Surge Block with High-Pressure Jetting
Overpumping
Development of Open-Borehole Wells
Allowable Sediment Concentration inWell Water
Aquifer-Stimulation Techniques
Hydrofracturing of Open-Hole Wells to Increase Production
Use of Acid for Aquifer Stimulation
Use of Explosives for Aquifer Stimulation
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 12. Groundwater Pumps
Introduction
Centrifugal Pump Basic Components
Centrifugal Pump Operation
Centrifugal Pump Impeller Types
Overview
Impeller Types
Centrifugal Pump Impeller Configurations
Open Impeller
Semi-Open Impeller
Enclosed Impeller
Basic Centrifugal Pump Types
Volute Pump
Diffusion Vane or Turbine Pump
Multi-Stage Pump
Pump Performance Curves
Pump Selection
Head Capacity
Pump Efficiency
Pump Brake Horsepower
Net Positive Suction Head Required
Other Groundwater-Well Pump-Selection Considerations
Pump Construction Materials
Corrosion Resistance
Abrasion Resistance
Mechanical Strength
Pump Driver Characteristics
Total Dynamic Head
Centrifugal Pump Suction Lift TDH Sample Calculation
Submersible Well Pump TDH Sample Calculation
Common Groundwater Well Pumps
Jet Pump
Vertical Lineshaft Turbine Pump
Submersible Pump
Pump Selection and Application Summary
Acknowledgment
Chapter 13. Well Blockage and Rehabilitation
Theory of Well Blockage
Analysis of Groundwater
Overview of Laboratory Analysis
Heterotrophic Plate Count
Adenosine Triphosphate Determination
Types of Blockage
Causes of Blockage
Effects of Temperature, Pressure, and Velocity Change
Chemical Blockage
Carbonate
Calcium Sulfate (Gypsum)
Oxides
Physical Overlay
Biological Overlay
Biofilm
Bacteria Growth
Characteristics of Iron Deposits
Oxidation
Biofilm
Iron Sulfide
Field Testing of Incrustations
Timely Maintenance
Cleaning
Treatment Fluids
Acid Treatment
Hydrochloric Acid
Sulfamic Acid
Phosphoric Acid
Determining the Quantity of Acid to Use
Chlorine Treatment
Chlorine Gas and pH Control
Chlorine Levels
Pretreatment
Chlorination Procedure
Alternative to Polyphosphate Treatment
TM Sonar-Jet Method of Well Rehabilitation
Summary
Chapter 14. Groundwater Monitoring and Remediation Wells
Chemical Movement
Advection
Hydrodynamic Dispersion
Density
Chemical and Biochemical Reactions
Assessing Plumes of Chemicals in Groundwater
Locating Monitoring Wells
Designing Monitoring Wells
Material Criteria for Monitoring Wells
Filter Pack Design and Well-Slot Selection
Monitoring-Well Installation Procedures
Direct-Push Monitoring and Remediation Wells
Aquifer Remediation
Overview
Containment
In Situ Remediation
Biosparging and Air-Sparging Wells
Horizontal Wells
Soil Vapor Extraction Wells
Summary
Acknowledgments
Chapter 15. Alternative Uses for Wells and Well Screens
Aquifer Storage Recovery Wells
ASR-Well Construction Materials
ASR-Well Water-Level Measurement and Casing Diameter
Mechanical Integrity Testing
Selection of ASR Storage Intervals
ASR-Well Screen Design
Target Storage Volume and Recovery Efficiency
ASR Wellhead and Wellfield Design and Operation
Horizontal Collector Wells
Collector-Well Design
Collector-Well Construction
Collector-Well Maintenance
Riverbank Filtration
Other Collector-Well Applications
Infiltration Galleries
Dewatering
Factors in Selecting a Dewatering System
Well-Point Dewatering Systems
Deep-Well Dewatering Systems
Summary
Injection Wells
Pressure-Relief Wells
Wells for Heat Pumps
Surface-Water Withdrawal
Seawater Intakes
Passive Screening
Appendix 5.A. Common Water Quality Issues
Appendix 9.C. Dimensions and Strengths of Steel Pipe
Appendix 9.E. Collapse Pressures for Thermoplastic Water-Well Casing
Appendix 9.H. Recommended Minimum Thickness for Carbon Steel Well Casing
Abbreviations and Symbols
Glossary
Reference List
Index
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