Catastrophes and Earth History The New Uniformitarianism 1st Edition by William Berggren, John Van Couvering ISBN 9781400853281, 1400853281
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ISBN 10: 1400853281
ISBN 13: 9781400853281
Author: William A. Berggren, John A. Van Couvering
This book, based on papers from a symposium at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, shows the necessity of developing a new philosophy in place of the classical uniformitarianism based only on processes familiar in human experience.
Originally published in 1984.
The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Table of contents:
Part I
THE CONCEPT OF CATASTROPHE AS A NATURAL AGENT
Chapter 1
TOWARD THE VINDICATION OF PUNCTUATIONAL CHANGE by Stephen Jay Gould
Part 1 Lyell’s Vision and Rhetoric
The Multiple Meanings of Uniformity
Modern Geology as a Blend of Lyell and the Catastrophists
Part 2 The Validity of Punctuational Change
The Channeled Scablands of Eastern Washington
Punctuated Equilibria and the Tempo of Evolutionary Change
Part 3 The Cultural Context of Gradualism
The Growing Popularity of Punctuational Change Literature Cited
Chapter 2
PERFECTION, CONTINUITY, AND COMMON SENSE IN HISTORICAL GEOLOGY by Richard H. Benson
Introduction
The Origins of Catastrophism British Catastrophism and Uniformitarianism Charles Lyell History and Continuity by Analogy Conclusion Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Models and Disruption Evolution and Sudden Events
Chapter 3
REFLECTIONS ON THE “RARE EVENT” AND RELATED CONCEPTS IN GEOLOGY by Peter E. Gretener
Introduction
The Concept of the “Rare Event”
The Concept of Punctuation
The Concept of the “Haze of the Past” and the Relativity of Gradualism
An Attempt to Define the Term “Event” in Geology
“Uniformitarianism” and “Catastrophism”: Equally Misleading Terms
The Relevance of the Previous Considerations to “Modern Man’s Predicament Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
Chapter 4
THE STRATIGRAPHIC CODE AND WHAT IT IMPLIES by Derek V. Ager
Literature Cited
Chapter 5
STATISTICAL SEDIMENTATION AND MAGNETIC POLARITY STRATIGRAPHY by Charles R. Denham
Introduction
Poisson Processes Poisson Magnetostratigraphy Application to the Oligocene Epoch Discussion Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Part II
THE CRETACEOUS/TERTIARY BOUNDARY: A CASE IN POINT
Chapter 6
MASS EXTINCTION: UNIQUE OR RECURRENT CAUSES? by Norman D. Newell
Literature Cited
Chapter 7
THE TWO PHANEROZOIC SUPERCYCLES by Alfred G. Fischer
Introduction
The Perception of Long-Term Change The Eustatic Curve and Its Implications Volcanism Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere Climates and Carbon Dioxide Regimes Climatic Oscillations and Biotic Crises Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Chapter 8
THE FABRIC OF CRETACEOUS MARINE EXTINCTIONS by Erle G. Kauffman
Introduction
The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Event: An Historical Perspective
The Pattern of Late Cretaceous Marine Extinction: An Overview
The Preserved Record of Marine Macrofaunal Extinction at the End of the Cretaceous
Tethyan Pelagic Sequences
The Macrofaunal Record of the Extinction Event on Carbonate Platform
Facies in Tethys
The North Temperate Sequences
Intra-Cretaceous Extinction Events
A Model of Intra-Cretaceous Extinction Events
An Environmental Interpretation of the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction Event
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
Chapter 9
CAMPANIAN THROUGH PALEOCENE PALEOTEMPERATURE AND CARBON ISOTOPE SEQUENCE AND THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN by Anne Boersma
Introduction
Surface Dwelling Planktonic Foraminifera
Surface Temperatures
Bottom Temperatures
Surface Carbon Isotope Values
Surface to Bottom Carbon Isotope Differences
Thermal Gradients
Summary
Speculations
Acknowledgments
Literature Cited
Chapter 10
CHANGES IN THE ANGIOSPERM FLORA ACROSS THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY by Leo J. Hickey
Introduction
Difficulties in Working With the Fossil Plant Record
Materials and Methods
Cretaceous Angiosperm History
Patterns of Change Across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary
The Significance of the Observed Changes
Literature Cited
Chapter 11
PALYNOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR CHANGE IN CONTINENTAL FLORAS AT THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY by Robert H. Tschudy
Introduction
The Pollen and Spore Evidence The Physical World During the Cretaceous-Tertiary Transition Conclusions
Literature Cited
Chapter 12
MAMMAL EVOLUTION NEAR THE CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY BOUNDARY by J. David Archibald and William A. Clemens
Introduction
Lithographic and Time-Stratigraphic Boundaries in Eastern Montana Geologic Setting Fossil Localities and Their Stratigraphic Context Mammalian Biostratigraphic and Paleoecologic Comparisons Mammalian Evolution Near the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Chapter 13
TERMINAL CRETACEOUS EXTINCTIONS OF LARGE REPTILES by Dale A. Russell
Introduction
Diversity Trends The Maastrichtian-Danian Transition Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Part III
CATASTROPHIC PROCESSES IN THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD
Chapter 14
LOW SEA LEVELS, DROUGHTS, AND MAMMALIAN EXTINCTIONS by Nils-Axel Mörner
Introduction
The Eocene-Oligocene Event The Late Miocene (Messinian) Event Summary Literature Cited
Chapter 15
EUSTASY, GEOID CHANGES, AND MULTIPLE GEOPHYSICAL INTERACTION by Nils-Axel Mörner
Introduction and Metaphors Eustasy and Its New Definition
The Geoid and Its Instability Some Examples of Geoidal-Eustasy Multiple Eustatic Effects Paleoclimatic Implications Literature Cited
Chapter 16
ON TWO KINDS OF RAPID FAUNAL TURNOVER by S. David Webb
Introduction
The MacArthur-Wilson Equilibrium Hypothesis O-Type and E-Type Rapid Turnover Episodes The Fall of the Clarendonian Chronofauna Recognition of E-Type and O-Type Episodes E-O Compound Episodes: The Ultimate Cataclysms Summary Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Chapter 17
THE PHANEROZOIC “CRISIS” AS VIEWED FROM THE MIOCENE by Richard H. Benson
Introduction
The Permian and Salinity The Messinian Salinity Crisis Permotriassic Faunas and the Ostracodes Miocene Extinctions Comparing the Ostracodes Conclusions Acknowledgments Literature Cited
Part IV
CATASTROPHES AND THE REAL WORLD
Chapter 18
MARINE MINERAL RESOURCES AND UNIFORMITARIANISM by Kenneth O. Emery
Introduction
Mineral Deposition Mineral Use Ocean-Floor Minerals Ocean Energy Sources Economic, Social, and Political Impact of Mineral Catastrophe Postscript Acknowledgments Literature Cited and Recommended Reading
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Tags: William Berggren, John Van Couvering, Earth History, The New Uniformitarianism